Application of Goal Programming Model for Optimization Tofu Production Planning

Juli Antasari Br Sinaga, Rajainal Saragih, Lilis Lilis, Yoel Octobe Purba, Reagen Surbakti Saragih

Abstract


Previous studies on production planning in food SMEs have largely focused on single-objective optimization and often lack explicit optimality benchmarks under real resource constraints. This study addresses this gap by developing a multi-objective production planning model using Goal Programming for a small-scale tofu enterprise. The proposed model simultaneously considers profit targets, demand fulfillment, raw material availability, and labor hour limitations. The novelty of this research lies in the use of deviation-based optimality benchmarks and its practical implementation using POM-QM for Windows. Model validation is conducted through a real case study, resulting in an optimal production mix of 724 units of white tofu, 568 units of fried tofu, and 517 units of yellow tofu, achieving a monthly profit of IDR 73.90 million with zero positive deviation from the profit target. Resource utilization remains within capacity limits, as indicated by negative deviations in raw material usage and labor hours. These results demonstrate that Goal Programming is an effective and practical decision-support tool for resource-constrained food SMEs.

Keywords


Goal Programming; Optimization; Production Planning: POM QM for Windows 5.3; Tofu.

Full Text:

PDF

References


M. Millers and E. Gaile-sarkane, “Management Practice in Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises : Problems and Solutions from the Perspective of Open Innovation,” J. Open Innov. Technol. Mark. Complex., vol. 7, no. 4, p. 214, 2021, doi: 10.3390/joitmc7040214.

T. Shen and A. Badulescu, “Managerial Capabilities and the Internationalization Process of Small and Medium Enterprises : The Sustainable Role of Risk and Resource Management,” pp. 1–22, 2025.

L. Wang, R. Abbou, and C. Cunha, “Multi-stage scheduling for sustainable manufacturing : balancing demand , resources , and social responsibility,” Int. J. Dyn. Control, vol. 13, no. 5, pp. 1–13, 2025, doi: 10.1007/s40435-025-01694-7.

A. Pradjaningsih, E. Andora, and K. A. Santoso, “Implementasi Metode Goal Programming Untuk Optimasi Produksi Cokelat Pada UMKM,” Euler J. Ilm. Mat. Sains dan Teknol., vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 119–123, 2024, doi: 10.37905/euler.v12i2.26904.

D. Sutrisno, A. Sahari, and D. Lusiyanti, “Aplikasi Metode Goal Programming Pada Perencanaan Produksi Klappertaart Pada Usaha Kecil Menengah ( UKM ) Najmah Klappertaart,” vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 25–38, 2017.

R. Y. Pratama, M. Paendong, W. Weku, B. Miskin, and S. Utara, “Umum Badan Urusan Logistik Divis Regional Sulawesi Utara The Optimization Of Beras Miskin Distribution Costs In The Public Logistics Company , Regional Division Of North Sulawesi And Gorontalo Using Vogel Approximation Method,” 2016.

N. M. Simanjuntak and P. K. Nasution, “Model Goal Programming Dalam Mengoptimalkan Jumlah Produksi Olahan Kedelai,” FARABI J. Mat. dan Pendidik. Mat., vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 208–216, 2022, doi: 10.47662/farabi.v5i2.421.

M. Olfati, V. Snášel, P. Krömer, S. Fanati, and R. Seyedali, “A goal programming-based algorithm for solving multi objective optimization problems,” Ann. Oper. Res., 2025, doi: 10.1007/s10479-025-06646-0.

W. Anggraeni, R. A. Vinarti, R. Tyasnurita, and J. Permatasari, “Production Planning Optimization Using Goal Programming Method in Habibah Busana,” J. Adv. Manag. Sci., vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 270–275, 2015, doi: 10.12720/joams.3.4.270-275.

N. K. Kwak and M. J. Schniederjans, “K. kwak,” vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 101–107, 1985.

M. Beckmann et al., New Developments in Multiple Objective and Goal Programming (Lecture Notes in Economics and Mathematical Systems). [Online]. Available: http://www.springer.com/series/300

K. Wise and D. E. Perushek, “Goal Programming as a Solution Technique,” 2000, [Online]. Available: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_libpub/5

H. P. S. Hari P. Sharma and D. K. Sharma, “A Multi-Objective Decision-Making Approach For Mutual Fund Portfolio,” J. Bus. Econ. Res., vol. 4, no. 6, pp. 75–84, 2011, doi: 10.19030/jber.v4i6.2672.

J. Kaur, O. Singh, A. Anand, and M. Agarwal, “A goal programming approach for agile-based software development resource allocation,” Decis. Anal. J., vol. 6, no. August 2022, p. 100146, 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.dajour.2022.100146.

N. Sen and M. Nandi, “A goal programming approach to rubber plantation planning in Tripura,” Appl. Math. Sci., vol. 6, no. 121–124, pp. 6171–6179, 2012.

E. Badr, E. El Seidy, A. Elrayes, and A. Rabie, “Analyzing the Application of the Sustainable Development Goals for Egypt Using a Neutrosophic Goal Programming Approach,” Process Integr. Optim. Sustain., vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 489–500, 2023, doi: 10.1007/s41660-022-00265-z.

F. García, F. Guijarro, and J. Oliver, “A multicriteria goal programming model for ranking universities,” Mathematics, vol. 9, no. 5, pp. 1–17, 2021, doi: 10.3390/math9050459.

T. Alam, “Modeling and Analyzing a Multi-Objective Financial Planning Model Using Goal Programming,” Appl. Syst. Innov., vol. 5, no. 6, 2022, doi: 10.3390/asi5060128.

I. Hasbiyati, R. Desri, and M. D. H. Gamal, “Pre-Emptive Goal Programming Method for Optimizing Production Planning,” Barekeng, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 65–74, 2023, doi: 10.30598/barekengvol17iss1pp0065-0074.

S. S. Karakutuk and M. A. Ornek, “A goal programming approach to lean production system implementation,” J. Oper. Res. Soc., vol. 74, no. 1, pp. 403–416, 2023, doi: 10.1080/01605682.2022.2046518.

A. Mahat, N. Mohd Zaki, T. Yeong Kin, H. Hasmy, and N. I. S. Ahmad, “Goal Programming Approach For Frozen Food Production Planning,” J. Comput. Res. Innov., vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 245–258, 2022, doi: 10.24191/jcrinn.v7i2.316.

H. Zare, M. K. Saraji, M. Tavana, D. Streimikiene, and F. Cavallaro, “An integrated fuzzy goal programming—theory of constraints model for production planning and optimization,” Sustain., vol. 13, no. 22, pp. 1–15, 2021, doi: 10.3390/su132212728.

K. C. Wibowo, D. S. Putri, and S. Hidayati, “Pedaging di Indonesia dalam Rangka Mewujudkan Ketahanan Pangan Forecasting Analysis of Production And Consumption of Ras Chicken Meat In,” vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 58–65, 2020, [Online]. Available: https://scholar.archive.org/work/u6hac4bjjvagbmtzzeue4c6syq/access/wayback/http://ejournal.kemenperin.go.id/tegi/article/download/6231/pdf_35

C. Bajpai, “Comparative Analysis of Simple Moving Average and Cumulative Moving Average in Financial Time Series Forecasting,” no. 1, pp. 94–99, 2024.

M. Muntiani and K. Oktafianto, “Peramalan Produksi Padi Kabupaten Tuban,” MathVision J. Mat., vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 1–9, 2023, doi: 10.55719/mv.v5i1.511.

M. R. Faizin, M. G. Rohman, and M. R. Zamroni, “Comparison of Weighted Moving Average (WMA) and Single Exponential Smoothing ( SES ) Methods in Website-Based Sales Forecasting ( Case Study : Adi Comp Store ),” vol. 5, no. 1, 2025.

O. Osarumwense, “Time series forecasting models : a comparative study of some models with application to inflation data,” vol. 77, pp. 29269–29275, 2014.

N. laras Agustina, “No Titיליle,” ペインクリニック学会治療指針２, pp. 1–9, 2019.

E. Sugawara and H. Nikaido, “Forecasting: Principles & Practice,” Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., vol. 58, no. 12, pp. 7250–7257, 2014, [Online]. Available: robjhyndman.com/uwa%5Cnhttp://robjhyndman.com/papers/forecasting-age-specific-breast-cancer-mortality-using-functional-data-models/

C. Beaumont, S. Makridakis, S. C. Wheelwright, and V. E. McGee, “Forecasting: Methods and Applications,” J. Oper. Res. Soc., vol. 35, no. 1, p. 79, 1984, doi: 10.2307/2581936.

Goleman, “POM - QM FOR WINDOWS Version 4 Software for Decision Sciences: Quantitative Methods, Production and Operations Management,” J. Chem. Inf. Model., vol. 53, no. 9, pp. 1689–1699, 2019.

N. Hidayat, N. Azmi, J. T. Sunli, and A. Asri, “Optimasi Produksi Produk Ayam Katsu dan Siomay Ayam Dengan Metode Goal Programming Menggunakan POM QM for Windows:(Studi Pada Umkm Dapur Mama Cece),” Baashima J. Bisnis Digit. Akuntansi, Kewirausahaan, dan Manaj., vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 10–21, 2025.




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.30829/zero.v9i3.26556

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Publisher :
Department of Mathematics
Faculty of Science and Technology
Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara Medan
📱 WhatsApp:085270009767 (Admin Official)
SINTA 2 Google Scholar CrossRef Garuda DOAJ