Telaah Atas Ijtihad Umar Bin Khaṭṭab Perspektif Maqāṣid Al-Syarī'ah

Amir Sahidin

Abstract


In the course of Islamic law, there were several issues of muamalat that were not found in law at the time of the Prophet, so the companions made ijtihad to find them. In fact, not infrequently the laws set by the companions seemed to contradict the teachings of the Prophet. As ijtihad was carried out by Umar bin Khaṭṭab in several ways such as: aborting the had punishment for adulterers, aborting the punishment for cutting off the hands of thieves, stopping giving zakat to mu'allaf, not dividing spoils of war between Muslim soldiers. Regarding some of these ijtihad, many people praised Umar's intelligence in grounding Islamic law. However, there are also some scholars who make Umar the pioneer of sharia deconstruction. This article attempts to examine Umar's ijtihad with the maqāṣid al-syarī'ah approach. Through research of the type of library research with a descriptive-analytic approach, it can be concluded that, first: Umar's ijtihad in some of the above cases did not actually deconstruct Islamic law, but because of his intelligence and foresight in seeing the factors that could hinder the implementation of these lawsuits. Second: Umar bin Khaṭṭab saw the naṣ textually and contextually in a balanced way, without annulling the existing naṣ.


Keywords


Ijtihad, Contextualization, Liberalization, Umar bin Khaṭṭab

Full Text:

PDF

References


Abbas, R. (2014). Ijtihad Umar bin Khattab Tentang Hukum Perkawinan Perspektik Kompilasi Hukum Islam. Al-Hukuma: The Indonesian Journal of Islamic Family Law, 04(1), 474.

Abd Muqsith Ghazali, Luthfi Assaukanie, U. A. A. (2009). Metodologi Studi Al-Quran. Gemainsani.

Abdad, M. Z. (2014). Ijtihad Umar Ibn Al-Khattàb: Telaah Sosio-Historis Atas Pemikiran Hukum Islam. Istinbath, 37(1), 37–50.

Abdalla, U. A. (2002). Menyegarkan Kembali Pemahaman Islam. Kompas.

Ahsan Dawi Mansur, S. M. (2021). A Study of ‘Umar ibn al-Khattab’s Ijtihad. Al-Ahkam, 31(1), 91.

Al-Anṣari, A. Y. (1994). Al-Kharrāj. al-Maṭba’ah al-Salafiyyah.

Al-Anshari, A. Y. (n.d.). Al-Radd ‘alā Siyar al-‘Auzā‘i. Lajnah Ihya’ al-Ma’arif.

Al-Babarti, M. (n.d.). Al-‘Ināyah Syarh al-Hidāyah. Dār al-Fikr.

Al-Baihaqi, A. B. (1989). Sunan al-Ṣaghīr li al-Baihaqī. Jāma’ah al-Dirāsah al-Islāmiyyah.

Al-Baladzuri. (1988). Futūh al-Buldān. Maktabah al-Hilāl.

Al-Baltaji, M. (1970). Manhaj ‘Umar bin al-Khaṭṭāb fī Tasyrī‘. Dar al-Fikr al-’Araby.

Al-Bukhari, M. bin I. (1422). Ṣahīh al-Bukhārī. Dar Thuqi al-Najah.

Al-Fasawi, A. Y. Y. (n.d.). Al-Ma’rifah wa al-Tārīkh. Dar al-Kutub al-’Ilmiyyah.

Al-Ghazālī, A. H. (1993). Al-Mustaṣfā. Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah.

Al-Jabiri, M. A. (1996). Al-Dīn wa al-Daulah wa Taṭbīq al-Sharī’ah. Markaz Dirasat al-Wahdah al-’Arabiyyah.

Al-Jaṣaṣ, A. bin A. (1994). Ahkām al-Qur’ān. Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah.

Al-Jauziyah, I. Q. (n.d.). Al-Ṭuruq al-Ḥakimiyyah. Maktabah Dār al-Bayān.

Al-Jauziyyah, I. Q. (1991). I’lām al-Muwāqi‘īn ‘An Rabb al-‘Ālamīn. Dar al-Kutub al-’Ilmiyyah.

Al-Jaziri, A. bin M. (2003). Al-Fiqh ’alā al-Madzāhib al-Arba’ah. Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah.

Al-Juwaini, A. M. (1997). Al-Burhīn fī Uṣul al-Fiqh. Dar al-Kutub al-’Ilmiyyah.

Al-Mawardi. (n.d.). Al-Ahkām al-Sulṭaniyyah. Dar al-Hadits.

Al-Na’im, A. A. (1994). Dekonstruksi Syariah, terj: Ahmad Suaedy, Amirudi ar-Rany. LKiS.

Al-Naisaburi, M. bin H. (n.d.). Ṣahīh Muslim. Dar Ihya’ al-Turats.

Al-Qazwaini, M. bin Y. (n.d.). Sunan Ibn Mājah. Dār Ihyā’ al-Kutub al-‘Arabī,.

Al-Qurṭubi, S. (1964). Al-Jāmi’ li Āhkām al-Qur’ān. Dār al-Kutub al-Miṣriyyah.

Al-Raisūnī, A. (1995). Naẓariyah al-Maqāṣid ‘inda al-Imām al-Shāṭibī. al-Ma‘had al-‘Āli li al-Fikr al-Islāmī.

Al-Ṣan‘ānī, A. B. (1403). Al-Muṣanif. Maktabah al-Islamy.

Al-Sarkhasi, M. (1993). Al-Mabsūṭ. Dār al-Ma’rifah.

Al-Shāṭibī. (1997). Al-Muwāfaqāt. Dār Ibnu ‘Affān.

Al-Syaukani, M. (n.d.). Nail al-Auṭār. Dar al-Jail.

Al-Thabari, I. J. (1407). Tārīkh al-Ṭabārī. Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah.

Al-Tirmīdhī, M. bin I. (1998). Sunan al-Tirmīdhī. Dār al-Gharb al-Islāmī.

Al-Tirmidzi, M. bin I. (1998). Sunan al-Tirmīdzi. Dar al-Gharb al-Islamy.

Al-Zuhailī, W. (1999). Al-Wajīz fī Uṣūl al-Fiqh. Dār al-Fikr.

Amir Syarifuddin. (1993). Pembaharuan Pemikiran dalam Hukum Islam. Angkasa Raya.

Anas, M. bin. (2004). Al-Muwaṭṭa’. Muassasah Zaid bin Sultan.

’Āshūr, M. Ṭahir bin. (2011). Maqāṣid al-Sharī‘ah al-Islāmiyyah. Dār al-Kitāb al-Lubnānī.

Dawud, A. (n.d.). Sunan Abī Dāwud. Al-Maktabah al-‘Aṣriyah.

Fitra, T. R. (2016). Ijtihad ‘Umar Ibn Al-Khaṭṭāb Dalam Perspektif Hukum Progresif. Al-Ahkam, 26(1), 49. https://doi.org/10.21580/ahkam.2016.26.1.705

Ghazali, A. M. (2005). Ijtihad Islam Liberal. Jaringan Islam Liberal.

Hammad, M. H. (1996). Al-‘Ālamiyyah al-Islāmiyyah al-Tsāniyyah. Internasional Studies and Research Bureau.

Hazm, A. M. I. (n.d.). Al-Ihkām fī Uṣūl al-Aḥkām. Dar al-Afkar al-Jadidah.

Hisyam, A. M. bin. (1411). Sīrah Ibn Hisyām. Dar al-Jail.

Humam, I. (n.d.). Fath al-Qadīr. Dar al-Fikr.

Ibn Hanbal, A. bin M. (2001). Musnad al-Imām Aḥmad bin Ḥanbal. Muassasah al-Risalah.

Imarah, M. (2006). Al-Naṣ al-Islāmy; baina al-Tārīkhiyyah wa al-Ijtihād wa al-Jumūd. Nahdhah al-Miṣr.

Khairatun Hisan, A. D. S. (2020). Analisis Syar’iyyah Ijtihad Umar bin Khattab Terhadap Hadd Sariqah. Al-Jinayah, 6(2).

Mawardi, A. I. (2010). Fiqh Minoritas. LKiS.

Muhsin, A. W. (1994). Wanita di Dalam Al-Quran. Pustaka.

Pramono, M. F., & Sahidin, A. (n.d.). Maqāṣid al-Sharī’ah Values in al-Māwardī’s Concept of the Caliphate. Al-Ahkam, 31(2), 203–222. https://doi.org/10.21580/ahkam.2021.31.2.8612

Rabi’ah, A. A. bin A. I. (2002). ‘Ilmu Maqāṣid al-Syāri’. Maktabah al-Mulk Fahd.

Rahman, R. A., Sahidin, A., & Nazahah, I. (2021). AKSI UNJUK RASA BELA ISLAM DI INDONESIA PADA KASUS AHOK DALAM PERSPEKTIF MAQASHID AL-SYARI’AH. Istinbath, 20(2), 349–371. https://doi.org/10.20414/ijhi.v20i2.391

Ridwan, M. (2017). Implementasi Syariat Islam: Telaah atas Praktik Ijtihad Umar bin Khattab. Tsaqafah, 13(2), 231–254.

Rohman, M. Z. (2019). Menakar Hermeneutika Umar. Nun: Jurnal Studi Alquran Dan Tafsir Di Nusantara, 5(2), 127–150.

Sahidin, A. (2021a). Pendayagunaan Zakat dan Wakaf untuk Mencapai Maqashid Al-Syari’ah. Al-Awqaf: Jurnal Wakaf Dan Ekonomi Islam, 14(2), 97–106. https://doi.org/10.47411/al-awqaf.Vol14Iss2.148

Sahidin, A. (2021b). Telaah Atas Konsep Khilafah Al-Mawardi (Studi Deskriptif Analisis). Jurnal Penelitian Medan Agama, 12(2). http://dx.doi.org/10.58836/jpma.v12i2.11112

Sahidin, A. (2021c). THE IMPLEMENTATION OF MAQÄ€ á1¢ ID AL-SHARÄa‘ AH IN SHAYKH YUSUF AL-QARDHAWIâ€TM S FIQH AL-AQALLIYAT. Jurnal Hukum Islam, 19(2), 295–312. https://doi.org/10.28918/jhi.v19i2.4997

Sahidin, A. (2022a). FRAMEWORK STUDI MAQASHID AL-SYARI’AH; ANTARA PENALARAN TEKSTUAL DAN KONTEKSTUAL. Al-Jabiri: Jurnal Ilmiah Studi Islam, 1(2), 87–110.

Sahidin, A. (2022b). Takhrīj Hadits Sarad al-Asmā’ fī al-Kutub at-Tis’ah. Studi Multidisipliner: Jurnal Kajian Keislaman, 9(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.24952/multidisipliner.v9i1.4848

Sahidin, A. (2022c). TELAAH ATAS FIQH AL-AQALLIYAT SYEKH YUSUF AL-QARDHAWI. An-Natiq Jurnal Kajian Islam Interdisipliner, 2(2), 121–134. https://doi.org/10.33474/an-natiq.v2i2.15774

Syarifuddin, M. S., & Sahidin, A. (2021). Filantropi Islam Menjawab Problem Kesenjangan Ekonomi Umat. Jurnal Penelitian Medan Agama, 12(2), 101–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.58836/jpma.v12i2.11506

Taimiyah, I. (1425). Majmū’ al-Fatāwa. Mujma’ al-Malik al-Fahd.

Tobroni, I. S. dan. (2003). Metodologi Penelitian Sosial Agama. Remaja Rosdakarya.

Zaid, N. H. A. (n.d.). Mafhum al-Naṣ: Dirasah fi ‘Ulum al-Quran. Haiah al-Miṣriyah al-‘Ammah.




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.58836/jpma.v14i1.16553

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

 

 

 

Creative Commons License

Jurnal Penelitian Medan Agama

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.