Development of Differentiated E-Student Worksheets Based on Realistic Mathematics Education to Enhance Students' Mathematical Problem-Solving Skills and Self-Efficacy Regarding Linear Equations with One Variable

Abstract

This research was motivated by the suboptimal use of digital teaching materials that can accommodate the diverse characteristics of students, as well as students’ low mathematical problem-solving skills and self-efficacy in learning One-Variable Linear Equations (OVLE). This study aimed to develop a differentiated Electronic Student Worksheet (E-LKPD) based on Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) and to analyze its validity, practicality, and effectiveness in improving students’ mathematical problem-solving skills and self-efficacy. The study employed a Research and Development (R&D) method using the ADDIE model, which consists of analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The trial subjects consisted of 90 students and 3 teachers in the needs analysis stage, 1 teacher in the individual trial, 9 students in the small-group trial, and 30 seventh-grade students from Class VII-C in the field trial at SMP IT Darur Rasyid. Data were collected through expert validation, questionnaires, observations, and pretest-posttest assessments. The results showed that the validity of the E-LKPD reached 77.5% according to the material expert and 92.5% according to the design expert. The practicality of the product reached 87.5% in the individual trial and 80% in both the small-group and field trials. The effectiveness analysis based on the N-Gain scores indicated an improvement of 85.6% in students’ mathematical problem-solving skills and 83.3% in self-efficacy, both of which were categorized as effective. Therefore, the differentiated E-LKPD based on RME was declared valid, practical, and effective for use in learning One-Variable Linear Equations.