EFEKTIVITAS PENDEKATAN PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA REALISTIK TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN COMPUTATIONAL THINKING SISWA
Abstract
Kemampuan computational thinking merupakan salah satu keterampilan penting untuk membantu siswa dalam memahami konsep matematika. Namun kemampuan computational thinking siswa Indonesia masih rendah sehingga perlu adanya perencanaan pembelajaran yang relevan dan mampu meningkatkan kemampuan computational thinking siswa. Salah satunya dengan menerapkan pendekatan pembelajaran matematika realisik. Dengan pendekatan pembelajaran matematika realisik ini siswa akan terlibat dalam membangun sendiri konsep dan model yang dipakai melalui pemecahan masalah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dan mengkaji kembali kefektifan penggunaan pendekatan pembelajaran matematika realitik dalam meningkatkan kemampuan computational thinking siswa. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen dengan pre-eksperimen pretest-posttest one group design. Populasi yang terlibat adalah 148 siswa kelas VII SMP Negeri 4 Bojonegoro dengan sampel 28 siswa pada kelas VII A tahun akademik 2022/2023. Teknik pengumpulan data berupa tes dan dokumentasi dengan instrumen penelitian berupa perangkat pembelajaran dan soal tes. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pendekatan pembelajaran matematika realistik efektif meningkatkan kemampuan computational thinking. Hal tersebut didasarkan pada hasil analisis statistika deskripsif yang menunjukkan rata-rata pretest dan posttest yaitu 31,89 (kategori rendah) menjadi 74,62 (kategori sedang). Selanjutnya rata-rata peningkatan kemampuan computational thinking dengan uji Normalized Gain menunjukkan nilai 0,65 (kategori sedang). Selain itu, berdasarkan hasil analisis statistika inferensial dengan uji-t menggunakan paired sample t-test menunjukkan nilai signifikan kurang dari 0,05 (0,000 < 0,005) yang artinya terdapat perbedaan rata-rata yang signifikan sebelum dan sesudah penerapan pendekatan pembelajaran matematika realistik. Dan dari hasil perhitungan effect size sebesar 7,76 menunjukkan kategori berefek tinggi.
Abstract
Although computational thinking is an essential skill for students to comprehend mathematical concepts, Indonesian students’ computational thinking abilities remain low. Therefore, relevant learning plans are necessary to enhance their computational thinking abilities. One such plan is to apply a realistic mathematics learning approach, which involves students in constructing their own concepts and models through problem-solving. The aim of this research is to determine and review the effectiveness of using a realistic mathematics learning approach in improving students' computational thinking abilities. This study employed a pre-experimental method with a one-group pretest-posttest design. The sample consisted of 28 seventh-grade students, while the population involved 148 seventh-grade students from SMP Negeri 4 Bojonegoro during the 2022/2023 academic year. Data collection techniques, such as tests and documentation, employ research instruments in the form of learning tools and test questions. The research results indicate that the realistic mathematics learning approach is effective in enhancing computational thinking abilities. This is based on the results of descriptive statistical analysis which shows the average pretest and posttest is 31.89 (low category) to 74.62 (medium category). Furthermore, the average increase in computational thinking abilities with the Normalized Gain test shows a value of 0.65 (medium category). Apart from that, based on the results of inferential statistical analysis with a t-test using a paired sample t-test, it shows a significant value of less than 0.05 (0.000 < 0.005), which means there is a significant average difference before and after implementing the realistic mathematics learning approach, and from the calculation results the effect size is 7.76, indicating a high effect category.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.30821/axiom.v12i2.17411
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