IDEOLOGICAL CONTESTATION ON YOUTUBE BETWEEN SALAFI AND NAHDHATUL ‘ULAMA IN INDONESIA

Ulvah Nur'aeni, Arfian Hikmat Ramdan

Abstract


Abstract: This research spotlights YouTube’s utilization as a platform for intriguing Muslims and proselytizing Salafi and Nahdhatul 'Ulama's (NU) doctrines in the context of ideological contestation in Indonesia. This aim was motivated by the struggle for religious authority between NU and Salafis that has occurred in Indonesia since the beginning of the emergence of Salafis in the 1970s. The doctrine of Puritanism brought by Salafis is the key to the ideological battle with NU, which has the opposite doctrine. Thus, the contestation spread to the fight for the masses. One medium used as an object for spreading doctrine is YouTube. This use of YouTube is encouraged by their awareness that YouTube is an effective platform for proselytizing and arguing with each other. Therefore, this research explores the ideological contestation of the two groups from the aspect of the doctrine they spread and the ways they attract the masses by analyzing lecture videos from YouTube channels affiliated with each group. Based on the content and video quantity, this research argues that the massive method of being charged with Salafis is slowly becoming a strong challenge for the existence of NU. The method used is a theory by Heidi A. Campbell regarding online authority.

Keywords: Ideological Contestation, Nahdhatul ‘Ulama, Religious Authority, Salafi, YouTube.

 


Full Text:

PDF

References


Menit Yang Menginspirasi: Musik Islami. YouTube, 2017. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fP_Y09bzogQ.

Abdullah, Kamarulnizam. “Navigating Against Salafi-Wahabi Expansion in Malaysia: The Role of State and Society.” Studia Islamika 29, no. 1 (June 22, 2022): 1–29. https://doi.org/10.36712/sdi.v29i1.25213.

Abdullah, M. Amin. “Religious Authority in Indonesian Islam: Maistream Organizations under Threat?” In The New Santri: Challenges to Traditional Religious Authority in Indonesia, 14. Singapore: ISEAS Yusof Ishak Institute, 2020.

Abror, Muhammad. “Kebolehan dan Etika Mengritik Pemerintah menurut Islam,” April 4, 2022. https://islam.nu.or.id/syariah/kebolehan-dan-etika-mengritik-pemerintah-menurut-islam-PNPgY.

Afriansyah, Anggi. “Konstruksi, Kontestasi, Fragmentasi, Dan Pluralisasi Otoritas Keagamaan Indonesia Kontemporer.” Studia Islamika 28, no. 1 (April 28, 2021). https://doi.org/10.36712/sdi.v28i1.20514.

Ahmad, Maghfur, Siti Mumun Muniroh, and Shinta Nurani. “Niqab, Protest Movement, and the Salafization of Indonesian Islam.” QIJIS (Qudus International Journal of Islamic Studies) 9, no. 2 (December 31, 2021): 423. https://doi.org/10.21043/qijis.v9i2.8195.

Akmaliah, Wahyudi. “Reclaiming Moderate Islam in Nahdhatul Ulama: Challenging the Dominant Religious Authority in Digital Platform.” JOURNAL OF INDONESIAN ISLAM 16, no. 1 (June 1, 2022): 223. https://doi.org/10.15642/JIIS.2022.16.1.223-248.

Al-Rawi, Ahmed. “Online Reactions to the Muhammad Cartoons: YouTube and the Virtual Ummah: YOUTUBE AND THE VIRTUAL UMMAH.” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 54, no. 2 (May 2015): 261–76. https://doi.org/10.1111/jssr.12191.

Al-Zaman, Md. Sayeed. “Social Mediatization of Religion: Islamic Videos on YouTube.” Heliyon 8, no. 3 (March 2022): e09083. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09083.

Apa Itu Salafi & Wahabi? Buya Yahya Menjawab. YouTube, 2017. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y4vyE-6oG1E.

Apa Itu Tawassul? - Buya Yahya Menjawab. YouTube, 2016. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ln2v8YWy9lE.

Apakah Sekarang Surga Sudah Berpenghuni? | Buya Yahya Menjawab. YouTube, 2022. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RwSSW3I3qBQ&list=PLZlkOj3-mAkA6RfgPWay036vtmTjRZpoo&index=605.

Bid’ah Kah Ziarah Kubur? YouTube, 2019. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FQfwbd218B8.

Bruinessen, Martin van. Contemporary Development in Indonesia Islam: Explaining the “Conservative Turn.” Singapore: ISEAS Publishing, 2013.

Burgess, Jean, and Joshua Green. YouTube Digital Media and Participatory Culture. 1st ed. Cambridge: Polity Press, 2009.

Campbell, Heidi. “Challenges Created by Online Religious Networks.” Journal of Media and Religion 3, no. 2 (May 2004): 81–99. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15328415jmr0302_1.

———. “Who’s Got the Power? Religious Authority and the Internet.” Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication 12, no. 3 (April 2007): 1043–62. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1083-6101.2007.00362.x.

Campbell, Heidi A. “Religious Authority and the Blogsphere.” Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication 15, no. 2 (January 2010): 251–76. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1083-6101.2010.01519.x.

Ceramah Agama Islam: Fakta Baru Walisongo - Ustadz Zainal Abidin, Lc. YouTube, 2016. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaiCx7zkB0k.

Ceramah Agama Islam: Mulia dengan Manhaj Salaf. YouTube, 2015. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7dghYmiz34I.

Ceramah Singkat: Adakah Bid’ah Hasanah? - Ustadz Abu Yahya Badrusalam, Lc. YouTube, 2013. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x_i67BEZHyg&t=267s.

Cheng, Xu, Cameron Dale, and Jiangchuan Liu. “Understanding the Characteristics of Internet Short Video Sharing: YouTube as a Case Study.” arXiv, July 25, 2007. http://arxiv.org/abs/0707.3670.

Chowdhury, Shaiful Alam, and Dwight Makaroff. “Characterizing Videos and Users in YouTube: A Survey.” In 2012 Seventh International Conference on Broadband, Wireless Computing, Communication and Applications, 244–51. Victoria, BC, Canada: IEEE, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1109/BWCCA.2012.47.

Definisi Bid’ah - Buya Yahya. YouTube, 2015. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WW3sF4f91MA.

Definisi “Passion” Dan Cara Mengembangkannya Ala Si Cantik. YouTube, 2018. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8v7kFeS04-Q&list=PL-WIw2jaPPGvrQCTIiRqaBnnRzpw0IQT-&index=4.

Doa Masuk Kamar Mandi-Monggo Mas Tri. YouTube, 2019. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AjODQuV_jPs&list=PLUuYlj8dcEXZSkbUeJlD2B7wUFr62qlrq.

Era Kolonialisasi Digital, Dimana Kita Seharusnya? Ini Jawabannya! YouTube, 2019. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L3fcct7uztk&t=188s.

F. Saenong, Faried. “Nahdhatul Ulama(NU): A Grassroots Movement Advocating Moderate Islam.” In Handbook of Islamic Sects and Movements. Brill, 2021.

Fealy, Greg, and Robin Bush. “The Political Decline of Traditional Ulama in Indonesia.” Asian Journal of Social Science 42, no. 5 (2014): 536–60. https://doi.org/10.1163/15685314-04205004.

Generasi Salaf - Hikmah Buya Yahya. YouTube, 2017. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x_D7vxQjn7U.

Hamdi, Ahmad Zainul. “Constructing Indonesian Religious Pluralism: The Role of Nahdlatul Ulama in Countering Violent Religious Extremism.” JOURNAL OF INDONESIAN ISLAM 15, no. 2 (December 1, 2021): 433. https://doi.org/10.15642/JIIS.2021.15.2.433-464.

Harlah NU : Gus Muwafiq Terbaru 2019. YouTube, 2019. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NtmnhtCcOks.

Husni, Zainul Mu’ien. “NU di Tengah Pusaran Ideologi-Ideologi Transnasional.” JURNAL ISLAM NUSANTARA 2, no. 1 (June 20, 2018): 45. https://doi.org/10.33852/jurnalin.v2i1.68.

Jahroni, Jajang. “Saudi Arabia Charity and the Institutionalization of Indonesian Salafism.” Al-Jami’ah: Journal of Islamic Studies 58, no. 1 (July 3, 2020): 35–62. https://doi.org/10.14421/ajis.2020.581.35-62.

Jinan, Mutohharun. “New Media dan Pergeseran Otoritas Keagamaan Islam di Indonesia.” Jurnal Lektur Keagamaan 10, no. 1 (2012): 181–208. https://jlka.kemenag.go.id/index.php/lektur/article/view/178.

KH. Marzuqi Mustamar: NU Channel 100% Aswaja. YouTube, 2019. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=in8DAO69glQ.

Kun Salafiyyan Alal Jaddah : Manhaj Ahlul Bid’ah dan Hawa l. YouTube, 2019. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gBpR3wRTKe8.

Larsson, Göran. “The Death of a Virtual Muslim Discussion Group : Issues and Methods in Analysing Religion on the Internet.” Online - Heidelberg Journal of Religions on the Internet, 2005. https://doi.org/10.11588/REL.2005.1.382.

LDNU - Apa Itu Islam Nusantara? YouTube, 2019. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A4_poLWKUrY.

Malik, Dedy Djamaluddin. “New Media and Sectarianism in Indonesia.” In Proceedings of the International Conference on Media and Communication Studies (ICOMACS 2018). Bandung, Indonesia: Atlantis Press, 2018. https://doi.org/10.2991/icomacs-18.2018.75.

Manhaj Salaf Dan Ahlul Bid’ah Dalam Berdalil. YouTube, 2019. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RiDdxJQ29t8.

Mosemghvdlishvili, Lela, and Jeroen Jansz. “Framing and Praising Allah on YouTube: Exploring User-Created Videos about Islam and the Motivations for Producing Them.” New Media & Society 15, no. 4 (2012): 482–500. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444812457326.

Muttaqin, Ahmad. “Women’s Identity in the Digital Islam Age: Social Media, New Religious Authority, and Gender Bias.” QIJIS (Qudus International Journal of Islamic Studies) 8, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 253. https://doi.org/10.21043/qijis.v8i2.7095.

Omar, Faradillah Iqmar, Nor Azlili Hassan, and Iza Sharina Sallehuddin. “Role of Social Media in Disseminating Dakwah (Peranan Media Sosial Dalam Penyebaran Dakwah).” In Islamic Perspectives Relating to Business, Arts, Culture and Communication, edited by Roaimah Omar, Hasan Bahrom, and Geraldine de Mello, 43–55. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-287-429-0_5.

Rohmatulloh, Dawam Multazamy, Muhammad As’ad, and Robi’ah Machtumah Malayati. “GUS BAHA, SANTRI GAYENG, AND THE RISE OF TRADITIONALIST PREACHERS ON SOCIAL MEDIA.” JOURNAL OF INDONESIAN ISLAM 16, no. 2 (December 1, 2022): 303. https://doi.org/10.15642/JIIS.2022.16.2.303-325.

Rusli, Rusli, Muhammad Syarif Hasyim, and Nurdin Nurdin. “A New Islamic Knowledge Production and Fatwa Rulings: How Indonesia’s Young Muslim Scholars Interact with Online Sources.” JOURNAL OF INDONESIAN ISLAM 14, no. 2 (December 1, 2020): 499. https://doi.org/10.15642/JIIS.2020.14.2.499-518.

Saifee, Aziz-ur-Rehman, Zubair Ahmed Sahikh, Sameera Sultan, Abdul Ghafoor Baloach, and Irfan Khalid. “The Role of Mass Media & Information Technology in Islamic Education.” European Journal of Social Sciences 32, no. 3 (2012). http://www.europeanjournalofsocialsciences.com/.

Semua Bid’ah Adalah Sesat - Ustadz Abdullah Zaen. YouTube, 2012. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iU6a2Rp4MlI.

Serial Aqidah Islam (51): Penjelasan Empat Kaidah Syirik Tawassul - Ustadz Afifi Abdul Wadud. YouTube, 2014. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4vlJ4I5GdKk.

Shidqi, Ahmad. “Respon Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) terhadap Wahabisme dan Implikasinya bagi Deradikalisasi Pendidikan Islam.” Jurnal Pendidikan Islam 2, no. 1 (2013): 109–30. https://doi.org/10.14421/jpi.2013.21.109-130.

Strangelove, Michael. Watching YouTube: Extraordinary Videos by Ordinary People. Digital Futures. Toronto ; Buffalo, NY: University of Toronto Press, 2010.

Sufi, Muhammad Kamran, and Musarat Yasmin. “Racialization of Public Discourse: Portrayal of Islam and Muslims.” Heliyon 8, no. 12 (December 2022): e12211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12211.

Tajuddin, Yuliyatun. “Walisongo dalam Strategi Komunikasi Dakwah.” ADDIN 8, no. 2 (2014). https://doi.org/DOI: 10.21043/addin.v8i2.602.

Tanya Dokter: Eps. Mengenal Penyakit Stroke | Dr. Gogor Meisadona. YouTube, 2018. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vL2HKv6Mg_k&list=PLkoppbLhnzfbL1_jvSzjrzjd2hahJMzlH&index=2.

Ulum, Raudatul. “Salafi-Wahabi vs NU (Pertentangan Keberadaan STAI Ali bin Abi Thalib di Semampir Surabaya)” 15, no. 1 (2016).

Wahid, Din. “Challenging Religious Authority: The Emergence of Salafi Ustadhs in Indonesia.” Journal of Indonesian Islam 6, no. 2 (December 1, 2012): 245. https://doi.org/10.15642/JIIS.2012.6.2.245-264.

Wai Weng, Hew. “On-Offline Dakwah; Social Media and Islamic Preaching in Malaysia and Indonesia.” In Mediatized Religion in Asia; Studies on Digital Media and Religion, 89–104. New York: Routledge, 2019.

Wulandari, Iis Eka. “Dakwah dalam Media Baru: Studi Kasus Terhadap Jamaah Halaqah Silsilah Ilmiyah di Yogyakarta.” UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta, 2020.

Zoonen, Liesbet van, Farida Vis, and Sabina Mihelj. “Performing Citizenship on YouTube: Activism, Satire and Online Debate around the Anti-Islam Video Fitna.” Critical Discourse Studies 7, no. 4 (November 2010): 249–62. https://doi.org/10.1080/17405904.2010.511831.




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.30821/jcims.v7i1.15244

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Indexing and Abstracting:

 

 
Editorial Office:
Kampus II Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia

Jl. Williem Iskandar Psr V, Medan Estate, Medan, North Sumatra, Indonesia, 20371, Telp. (061) 6615683-6622925

Email: jcims@uinsu.ac.id

 

Creative Commons License

Journal of Contemporary Islam and Muslim Societies [ISSN 2528-6110 (print) | ISSN 2528-7435 (online)] is published by the UINSU Press, Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara Medan.

Journal of Contemporary Islam and Muslim Societies by http://jurnal.uinsu.ac.id/index.php/JCIMS/index is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Copyright 2023 Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara Medan. Powered by Public Knowledge Project OJS.

View My Stats