PENGARUH EKSTRAK DAUN SEMBUNG RAMBAT (Mikania micrantha Kunth.) TERHADAP HATI PADA TIKUS PUTIH JANTAN (Rattus norvegicus L.) YANG DIBERI PAPARAN ASAP ROKOK

Abstract

Cigarette smoke exposure is known to contain various toxic substances and free radicals that can trigger oxidative stress and cause liver cell damage, characterized by morphological and histological changes as well as elevated SGPT and SGOT enzyme levels. Mikania micrantha Kunth leaves are known to be rich in flavonoids and other secondary metabolites that act as free radical scavengers. This study aimed to determine the effect of Mikania micrantha Kunth leaf ethanol extract on the liver condition of white rats (Rattus norvegicus L.) exposed to cigarette smoke. A Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was employed, involving 20 rats divided into five groups: a normal control group (food and water only); a positive control group (food, water, and cigarette smoke exposure); and the treatment groups P1, P2, and P3 (food, water, cigarette smoke exposure, and Mikania micrantha leaf extract at doses of 100, 200, and 300 mg/kg body weight, respectively). Cigarette smoke exposure was administered daily in the morning for 30 days, while the leaf extract was administered daily in the afternoon from day 8 to day 30. The study procedures included qualitative phytochemical screening, antioxidant activity testing of the extract using the DPPH method, macroscopic examination of liver morphology, histological examination of the liver using the paraffin embedding method and H&E staining, and measurement of SGPT and SGOT levels using the enzymatic kinetic method. Data analysis was performed using One-Way ANOVA followed by Duncan's post-hoc test. The study results indicate that exposure to cigarette smoke can significantly induce morphological and histological changes in the liver—such as alterations in color and organ surface, hydropic degeneration, and hepatocyte necrosis—driven by oxidative stress. This exposure also leads to elevated SGPT and SGOT levels resulting from oxidative stress and damage to hepatocytes. Administration of Mikania micrantha Kunth leaf extract was proven capable of repairing liver damage in male rats (Rattus norvegicus L.); a dosage of 100 mg/kg body weight demonstrated the most optimal effect, bringing the liver close to condition normal.