Analisis Risiko Unloading Forklift PT X Menggunakan Job Safety Analysis dan Fine
Abstract
Forklift unloading activities in warehouses present occupational safety risks because they involve interactions among operators, workers, transport vehicles, materials, pallets, and work areas. This study aimed to identify hazards, assess risk levels, and develop control recommendations for forklift unloading activities at the warehouse of PT X using Job Safety Analysis (JSA) and the Fine method. A descriptive design with a semi-quantitative approach was employed. Data were collected through direct observation and semi-structured interviews with a forklift operator, group leader, and section head. JSA was used to identify hazards at each work step, while the Fine method assessed risks using probability, exposure, and consequence. Nine hazards were identified across seven work steps. The initial assessment classified three risks as Very High, two as Substantial, and four as Acceptable. The highest-risk hazards were workers being struck by forklifts, forklift overturning due to excessive loads, and loads falling from the forks, each with a risk score of 450. Recommended controls included temporary physical barriers, load weight verification, pallet inspection, test lifting, stop lines, guide lines, and radiator temperature checks. Following the proposed controls, the projected assessment resulted in four Acceptable risks and five Priority 3 risks. The integration of JSA and Fine provided a structured basis for hazard identification, risk prioritization, and control planning.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Arias-Portela, C. Y., Mora-Vargas, J., Caro, M., & Salinas-Navarro, D. E. (2024). Situational Awareness Errors in Forklift Logistics Operations: A Multiphase Eye-Tracking and Think-Aloud Approach. Logistics, 8(4), 124. https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics8040124
Arjuna, A., Siboro, I., & Pongky, P. (2025). Analisis Risiko Pekerjaan Pengoperasian Forklift Di Pt. United Tractors Balikpapan. Identifikasi, 11(3), 448–451. https://doi.org/10.36277/identifikasi.v11i3.601
Dyreborg, J., Lipscomb, H. J., Nielsen, K., Törner, M., Rasmussen, K., Frydendall, K. B., Bay, H., Gensby, U., Bengtsen, E., Guldenmund, F., & Kines, P. (2022). Safety interventions for the prevention of accidents at work : A systematic review. Campbell Systematic Reviews, 18(2), e1234. https://doi.org/10.1002/cl2.1234
Figueroa-Maldonado, J., Herrera-Franco, G., Moreno-Alcívar, L., & Bravo-Montero, Lady. (2024). Comparative Analysis of Methodologies for Occupational Safety Risk Assessment in an Artisanal Woodworking Industry. International Journal of Safety and Security Engineering, 14(6), 1825–1835. https://doi.org/10.18280/ijsse.140617
Fine, W. T. (1971). Mathematical Evaluations for Controlling Hazards. Journal of Safety Research, 3(4), 157–166.
Floeder, A., Jones, R. M., & Arnold, S. F. (2025). Risk assessment methods in occupational health and hygiene : a scoping review. Annals of Work Exposures and Health, 69(2), 120–131. https://doi.org/10.1093/annweh/wxae095
Ghasemi, F., Doosti-Irani, A., & Aghaei, H. (2023). Applications, Shortcomings, and New Advances of Job Safety Analysis (JSA): Findings from a Systematic Review. Safety and Health at Work, 14(2), 153–162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.shaw.2023.03.006
Go, F. G. D., Andivas, M., Kisanjani, A., & Kurnia, W. I. (2024). Evaluasi Keselamatan Kerja Loading Unloading Container pada PT.X Menggunakan Metode Job Safety Analysis (JSA). Jurnal Surya Teknika, 11(2), 669–676. https://doi.org/10.37859/jst.v11i2.8129
Haristama, I. S., Zacoeb, A., & Susanti, L. (2023). Risk Analysis of Occupational Hazards Using HIRADC Approach in the Implementation of Occupational Safety and Health Management System. Journal of Engineering Research and Reports, 25(6), 28–39. https://doi.org/10.9734/jerr/2023/v25i6940
Ihsan, T., Hendri, A. K., Silvia, S., & Maulidya, A. (2025). Mitigasi Risiko Kecelakaan Kerja Di Pelabuhan Dengan Bowtie Analysis : Studi Kasus Di Pt Pelabuhan Indonesia Regional 2 Teluk Bayur. J@ti Undip: Jurnal Teknik Industri, 20(3), 186–196. https://doi.org/10.14710/jati.20.3.186-196
Kang, Y., Liu, F., Chen, W., Li, X., Tao, Y., & Huang, W. (2024). Recognizing situation awareness of forklift operators based on eye-movement & EEG features. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 100, 103552. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ergon.2024.103552
Kementerian Ketenagakerjaan Republik Indonesia. (2026). Tekan Kecelakaan Kerja, Kemnaker Tingkatkan Kematangan Budaya K3. https://kemnaker.go.id/news/detail/tekan-kecelakaan-kerja-kemnaker-tingkatkan-kematangan-budaya-k3
Lee, J.-G., Kim, Y.-S., & Lee, J. H. (2023). Preventing Forklift Front-End Failures: Predicting the Weight Centers of Heavy Objects, Remaining Useful Life Prediction under Abnormal Conditions, and Failure Diagnosis Based on Alarm Rules. Sensors, 23(18), 7706. https://doi.org/10.3390/s23187706
Lestari, S. P., Selviana, & Suwarni, L. (2024). Risk Analysis of Work Accidents in the Loading and Unloading Process Using Job Safety Analysis (JSA) and Hazard and Operability Study (HAZOPS) Methods at PT Pelindo II (Persero) Branch Pontianak. Indonesian Journal of Administration and Health Research (IJAHR), 1(2), 73–80. https://doi.org/10.54630/ijahr.v1i2.74
Masis, J., Horvath, L., & Böröcz, P. (2022). The Effect of Forklift Type, Pallet Design, Entry Speed, and Top Load on the Horizontal Shock Impacts Exerted during the Interactions between Pallet and Forklift. Applied Sciences, 12(14), 7035. https://doi.org/10.3390/app12147035
Meirizha, S. N., & Elsa, E. H. (2023). Analisis Sistem Manajemen Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja Menggunakan Metode Hazard Identification Risk Assessment (Hira). Jurnal Surya Teknika, 10(2), 788–793. https://doi.org/10.37859/jst.v10i2.4857
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. (2024). Hierarchy of Controls. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/hierarchy-of-controls/index.html
Nezamodini, Z. A., Jafari, B., Sari, H., & Hesam, S. (2021). Risk Assessment by Job Safety Analysis and William Fine Method and Comparison with Workers’ Risk Perception Results. Archives of Occupational Health, 5(4), 1109–1117. https://doi.org/10.18502/aoh.v5i4.7972
Novianti, F., & Windriya, A. (2023). Hazard Analysis of Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) Using The JSA (Job Safety Analysis) Method in Grey Weaving 2 Warehouse PT XYZ. Asian Journal of Logistics Management, 2(1), 33–47. https://doi.org/10.14710/ajlm.2023.19038
Patyk, M., & Nowak-Senderowska, D. (2022). Occupational risk assessment based on employees’ knowledge and awareness of hazards in mining. International Journal of Coal Science & Technology, 9(1), 75. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40789-022-00554-5
Perdana, M. A., Rusba, K., & Pongky, P. (2024). Analisa Keselamatan Pekerjaan Bongkar Muat Barang Menggunakan Forklift pada PT. X Kota Balikpapan. Media Bina Ilmiah, 18(10), 2623–2630. https://doi.org/10.33758/mbi.v18i10.800
Rahman, H., Ashara, N., Faradilah, A. K., Sahara, S., & Ladesi, V. K. (2023). Analisis Risiko Keselamatan Kerja Terhadap Aktivitas Forklift di PT Pertamina Lubricants Unit Production Jakarta. Jurnal TESLINK : Teknik Sipil Dan Lingkungan, 5(2), 8–15. https://doi.org/10.52005/teslink.v5i2.242
Rolander, B., Forsman, M., Ghafouri, B., Abtahi, F., & Wåhlin, C. (2022). Measurements and observations of movements at work for warehouse forklift truck operators. International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 28(3), 1840–1848. https://doi.org/10.1080/10803548.2021.1943866
Sjahli, C. M. D., & Susanto, N. (2022). Pengendalian Bahaya pada Divisi Produksi Bagian Sewing PT Daiwabo Garment Indonesia dengan Metode Semi Kuantitatif W. T. Fine. Industrial Engineering Online Journal, 11(4). https://ejournal3.undip.ac.id/index.php/ieoj/article/view/36042
Syahrir, A., Rusba, K., & Liku, J. E. A. (2024). Analisa Keselamatan Pekerjaan Bongkar Muat Barang Menggunakan Forklift pada PT United Tractors Balikpapan. Identifikasi, 10(1), 76–81. https://doi.org/10.36277/identifikasi.v10i1.323
Utami, T. N., Amanda, C. A., Azri, N. I., Pratama, A. A., Septian, M. R., Hilmi, T., & Putri, G. A. (2024). Identifikasi Risiko Dan Penilaian Risiko Terhadap Bahaya Fisik Pada Pengoperasian Forklift Di Pt. X. PREPOTIF : Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat, 8(3), 6680–6690. https://doi.org/10.31004/prepotif.v8i3.37852
Vita, L., & Gattamelata, D. (2023). Analytical Method for Assessing Stability of a Counterbalanced Forklift Truck Assembled with Interchangeable Equipment. Applied Sciences, 13(2), 1206. https://doi.org/10.3390/app13021206
Żuchowicz, P., & Lewczuk, K. (2025). Leveraging Immersive Technologies for Safety Evaluation in Forklift Operations. Applied Sciences, 15(20), 11048. https://doi.org/10.3390/app152011048
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.30829/jumantik.v11i2.30835
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2026 Regina Cahya Yusverina, Willy Tambunan, Theresia Amelia Pawitra
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.