Rib'ah: The Concept of Local Tradition Guarantee in Early Islam

Ahmad Natsir, Hawwin Muzakki, Diana Lutfiana Ulfa

Abstract


This article aims to express a word in the Sahifah Yathrib (Medinah Charter), namely rib'ah. This word contains quite a crucial meaning, however, it is rarely used daily by academics. Meanwhile in Indonesia, religious practices of peace and moderation still experience quite dangerous obstacles in society. All destruction of religious facilities, traditions, and even opposing cultures adhered to by the majority. This research is a literature study using the ma'na cum maghza framework initiated by SahironSyamsudin. With this framework, this research produces three main conclusions, namely: first, rib'ah has the basic meaning of dividing the spoils of war. However, in practice, the Prophet Muhammad guaranteed not only commerce but also religion. Second, rib'ah had its initial purpose as an effort by the Prophet Muhammad to unite the Muhajirin and Ansar, as well as for the development of a stable country. Third, the guarantee of freedom of religion and belief contained in this word can be used as a basis for hifz al-din, which means protection of security and comfort for a person to freely choose their religion and belief.

Keywords


Islamic history; Medina charter; Ummah wahidah.

Full Text:

PDF

References


‘Abd al-‘Azīz Ibrāhīm al-’Umrī. (2011). Rasūl Allah wa Khātam al-Nabiyyīn Dīn wa Dawlah Vol.2. Riyâd: Maktabah al-Malik Fahd.

Al-‘Asqalanī, A. al-F. A. (1992). Al-Iṣābah fī al-Tamyīz al-Ṣaḥābah Vol. 3 (1st ed.; ’Ali Muhammad Al-Bajawi, Ed.). Bairut: Dar al-Jil.

Al-Bayhaqi, A. bin al-H. (n.d.). Sunan al-Kubra wa Fi Dzaylih al-Jawhar al-Naqi Vol. 1 (1st ed.). India: Majlis Dairah al-Ma’arif al-Nizamiyyah.

Al-Bukhari, M. bin I. (1987a). Al-Jami’ al-Sahih al-Mukhtasar Vol. 2 (M. D. Al-Bagha, Ed.). Bairut: Dar Ibn Kathir.

Al-Bukhari, M. bin I. (1987b). Al-Jami’ al-Sahih al-Mukhtasar Vol. 3 (M. D. Al-Bagha, Ed.). Bairut: Dar Ibn Kathir.

Al-Buti, M. S. R. (2002). Sirah Nabawiyah: Analisis Ilmiah Manhajiah Sejarah Pergerakan Islam di Masa Rasulullah (A. R. S. Tamhid, Trans.). Jakarta: Robbani Press.

Al-Damashqi, A. al-F. (1997a). Al-Bidayah wa Al-Nihayah Vol. 1 (’Abd Allah b. Abd. Al-Muhsin Al-Turki, Ed.). Bairut: Dar Hijr.

Al-Damashqi, A. al-F. (1997b). Al-Bidayah wa al-Nihayah Vol. 6 (’Abd Allah b Abd. al-Muhsin Al-Turki, Ed.). Bairut: Dar Hijr.

Al-Dimasyqi, I. K. (2010). Sirah Nabi Muhammad (H. Wibowo, Ed.; A. I. Al-Atsari, Trans.). Jakarta Timur: Pustaka Imam Syafi’i.

Al-Makki, A. ’Abd A. al-F. (1994). Akhbār Makkah fī Qadīm al-Dahr wa Ḥadīthah Vol. 5 (3rd ed.; A. M. Dahish, Ed.). Bairut: Dar Khadr.

Al-Mubarakfuri, S. (2011). Sirah Nabawiyah (F. Irawan, Ed.). Jakarta: Ummul Qura.

Al-Mursī, A. al-Ḥasan. (n.d.). Al-Muḥkam wa al-Muḥīṭ al-A’ẓam Vol. 2 (A. al-H. Handawi, Ed.). Bairut: Dar al-Kutub al-’Ilmiyyah.

Al-Nisaburi, A. al-H. M. bin M. (n.d.). al-Jami’ al-Sahih al-Musamma Sahih Muslim Vol. 1. Bairut: Dar al-Jil dan Dar al-Afaq.

Al-Qasimi, A. ’Ubayd. (2007). Kitab al-Amwal Vol.1 (A. A. S. b. Rajab, Ed.). Mesir: Dar al-Huda al-Nabawi.

Al-Shatibi, I. b. M. (1997a). al-Muwafaqat Vol. 1 (A. ’Ubaydah A. Salman, Ed.). Dar Ibn ’Affan.

Al-Shatibi, I. b. M. (1997b). Al-Muwafaqat Vol. 4. Bairut: Dar Ibn ’Affan.

Al-Shaybani, A. bin H. (n.d.). Musnad Ahmad b. Hanbal Vol. 3. Cairo: Mu’assisah Qurtubah.

Al-Shuaybi, A. Q. (2006). Wathiqah al-Madinah: al-Madmun wa al-Dalalah. Qatar: Wizârah al-Awqâf wa al-Shu’ûn al-Islâmiyyah.

Al-Ṭāliqānī, I. b. ‘Ibād. (1994). Al-Muḥīṭ fī al-Lughah Vol. 2 (M. H. A. Yasin, Ed.). Bairut: ’Alam al-Kutub.

Ansary, M. T. (2012). Dari Puncak Bagdad. Jakarta: Serambi Ilmu Semesta.

Basalamah, Y. S. (1991). Persoalan Umat Islam Sekarang. Depok: Gema Insani Press.

Basrîy, A. ‘Abd al-R. al-K. bin A. bin ‘Amru bin T. al-F. al-. (n.d.). Kitâb al-‘Ayn (Vol. 7). Dâr wa Maktabah al-Hilâl.

Bhayangkara, C. S. (2023). 9 Kasus Intoleransi di Yogyakarta: Salib Makam Dipotong, Camat Bukan Islam Ditolak.

Bruinessen, M. Van. (2009). Liberal and Progressive Voices in Indonesian Islam. In S. T. Hunter (Ed.), Reformist Voices of Islam (pp. 187–207). New York: M.E. Sharpe.

Eusebius. (2019). The History of the Church: A New Translation. USA: University of California Press.

Hastoro, S. (2021). Semeru Meletus, 2 Kecamatan di Lumajang Gelap Gulita Tertutup Awan Hitam.

Hisyam, A. al-M. ibn. (2000). Sirah Nabawiyah Ibnu Hisyam Vol. 1 (F. Bahri, Trans.). Bekasi: Darul Falah.

Hisyam, A. al-M. ibn. (2009). Al-Sirah al-Nabawiyyah li Ibn Hisham. Bairut: Dar Ibn Hazm.

Katsir, I. (1988). al-Bidayah wa al-Nihayah Vol. 3. Bairut: Dar Ihya’ al-Turath al-’Arabi.

Kresna, M. (2019). Perda Manokwari Kota Injil: Demo Menolak Pembangunan Masjid.

Lecker, M. (n.d.). The “Constitution of Medina” Muhammad’s First Legal Document. New Jersey: The Darwin Press.

Manẓūr, I. (n.d.). Lisan al-’Arab Vol. 8. Bairut: Dar Sadir.

Media Indonesia. (2022). Penendang Sesajen di Semeru Divonis 10 Bulan Penjara.

Natsir, A. (2019). Radikalisme dalam Ruqyah Shar’iyyah (Analisis Semiotika atas Metode Ruqyah Quranic Healing Indonesia di Youtube). Dialogia: Islamic Studies and Social Journal, 16(1), 98–117.

Natsir, A. (2023). Qushay bin Kilab: Leluhur Nabi Muhammad yang Kontroversial namun Sangat Pluralis. In S. Mustofa (Ed.), Sudut Pandang: Kontestasi Wacana Keagamaan dan Potret Keagamaan di Indonesia (pp. 13–18). Tulungagung: Akademia Pustaka.

Rahman, B. M. (2010). Argumen Islam untuk Pluralisme. Jakarta: Gramedia Widiasarana Indonesia.

Shaybah, A. (n.d.). Musannaf ibn Abi Shaybah Vol. 8 (M. ’Awamah, Ed.). Dar al-Salafiyah al-Hindiyah.

Shihab, M. Q. (2011). Membaca Sirah Nabi Muhammad dalam Sorotan Al-Quran dan Hadis-hadis Shahih (A. S. Dj., Ed.). Jakarta: Lentera Hati.

Syamsuddin, S. (2017). Hermeneutika dan Pengembangan Ulumul Qur’an: Edisi Revisi dan Perluasan. Yogyakarta: Nawasea Press dan Baitul Hikmah Press.

The Editor of Encyclopaedia Britanica. (2023). Tribe: Anthropology.

Wahid, A. (2001). Pergulatan Negara, Agama, dan Kebudayaan. Depok: Desantara.

Yakin, A. U. (2016). Islam Moderat dan Isu-isu Kontemporer: Demokrasi, Pluralisme, Kebebasan Beragama, Non-Muslim, Poligami, dan Jihad. Jakarta: Kencana.




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.30829/juspi.v8i1.19404

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2024 Ahmad Natsir, Hawwin Muzakki, Diana Lutfiana Ulfa

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

 

JUSPI (Jurnal Sejarah Peradaban Islam)

Published by Department of History of Islamic Civilization,
Sumatera Utara State Islamic University, Medan, Indonesia
Email: jurnal.juspi@uinsu.ac.id

JUSPI is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License