Effectiveness of Amomum Cardamomum and Zingiber Officinale Roscoe as Complementary Therapy for the Intensity of Emesis Gravidarum at Makassar City Health Center
Abstract
Emesis gravidarum is a complaint that is often experienced by pregnant women in the first trimester and has the potential to affect the quality of life if not handled appropriately. Herbal complementary therapy has the potential to be a safe non-pharmacological alternative. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a combination of cardamom (Amomum cardamomum) and red ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) in reducing the intensity of emesis gravidarum in pregnant women in the first trimester. This quantitative research uses a quasi-experimental design with a one-group pretest-posttest design. The research was carried out from May to July 2026 at the UPT Bara-Baraya Health Center, Makassar City. A total of 30 pregnant women in the first trimester who met the inclusion criteria were selected through purposive sampling. The intervention was in the form of brewing a combination of cardamom and red ginger drinks taken twice a day for 10 consecutive days. Measurement of the severity of emesis gravidarum was carried out before and after the intervention using the Pregnancy-Unique Quantification of Emesis and Nausea (PUQE) instrument. Data were analyzed using univariate and bivariate analyses with the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test. Before the intervention, the majority of respondents were in the moderate emesis category (76.7%) with an average PUQE score of 7.60 ± 1.61. After 10 days of intervention, the majority of respondents switched to the mild category (90.0%) with an average PUQE score of 4.70 ± 1.24. There was a decrease in the average PUQE score of 2.90 points. The results of the statistical test showed a significant decrease in the intensity of emesis gravidarum (Z = -4.703; p < 0.001) with a large effect size (r = 0.86; CI 95%: 0.74–0.93). No serious side effects were found during the intervention period. The administration of a combination of cardamom and red ginger improved overall medication adherence, based on daily consumption records, i.e., 30/30 participants consumed 100% of the prescribed dose. This is effective in reducing the intensity of emesis gravidarum in pregnant women in the first trimester. This intervention has the potential to be integrated into antenatal services in primary health facilities, although further research in the Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) design is still needed.
Keywords: Emesis gravidarum, Amomum cardamomum, Zingiber officinale Roscoe, Pregnant women, Complementary therapy
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.30829/contagion.v8i3.30563
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