Effectiveness of Training Model Types on Improving Nurses’ Knowledge and Attitudes Regarding Infectious Disease Transmission and the Use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
Abstract
Infectious disease transmission in healthcare settings remains a critical challenge that threatens both patient and healthcare worker safety. Strengthening nurses’ knowledge and attitudes through structured training programs is essential to improve infection prevention practices and compliance with personal protective equipment (PPE) use. This study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of classical training methods and classical training combined with educational booklets in improving nurses’ knowledge and attitudes regarding infectious disease transmission and PPE use. A quasi-experimental design with a pretest–posttest comparison group approach was conducted among 72 nurses, divided equally into two intervention groups (n = 36 each). Data were analyzed using Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney. The results showed that in the classical training group, the mean knowledge score increased from 23.17 ± 1.134 to 23.89 ± 0.319 (p = 0.001), and the mean attitude score increased from 66.83 ± 4.365 to 69.50 ± 4.226 (p = 0.005). In the classical training combined with booklet group, the mean knowledge score increased from 23.33 ± 0.894 to 23.86 ± 0.424 (p = 0.006), while the mean attitude score increased from 66.81 ± 3.463 to 68.08 ± 4.607 (p = 0.026). However, there were no statistically significant differences in knowledge improvement (p = 0.496) or attitude improvement (p = 0.263) between the two groups. In conclusion, both training methods were effective in significantly improving nurses’ knowledge and attitudes regarding infectious disease transmission and PPE use. Nevertheless, no significant difference in effectiveness was found between the classical training method and the classical training combined with educational booklets.
Keyword: Knowledge, attitude, training methods, infectious diseases, personal protective equipment
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Abalkhail, A., Hassan, M., Imam, A., Elmosaad, Y. M., Jaber, M. F., Hosis, K. Al, Alhumaydhi, F. A., Alslamah, T., Alamer, A., & Mahmud, I. (2021). Knowledge , Attitude and Practice of Standard Infection Control Precautions among Health-Care Workers in a University Hospital in Qassim , Saudi Arabia : A Cross-Sectional Survey. 1–13.
Adugna, C., Id, W., Mekonnen, B. D., Alemu, G., Techane, M. A., Assimamaw, N. T., Belay, M., Tamir, T. T., Muhye, A. B., Kassie, D. G., Wondim, A., Terefe, B., Tigabu, B., Id, T., Ali, S., Fentie, B., Gonete, A. T., Tekeba, B., Kassa, S. F., … Atalell, A. (2024). Knowledge , attitude and practice of healthcare workers on infection prevention and control in Ethiopia : A systematic review and meta-analysis. 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0308348
Ajzen, I. (1991). The Theory of Planned Behavior. University of Massachusetts at Amherst Research, 211, 179–211.
Akbar, J. S., Nurhidayah, V. A., Isma, S., Lubis, S., Sandy, W., Maulidiana, S., Setyaningrum, V., Ningrum, W. W., Astuti, N. M., & Ilyas, F. S. (2023). Model dan Metode Pembelajaran Inovatif (Teori dan Panduan Praktis). Sonpedia Publishing Indonesia.
Ariwati, V. D., Bukit, D. S., Titaley, C. R., Agustina, L. F., & Nilasari, F. D. (2024). Konsep Dasar Promosi Kesehatan. CV. Future Science.
Board, E., Board, T. E., World, T. S., & Assembly, H. (2025). Rare diseases : a global health priority for equity and inclusion. 24, 1–8.
Buljac-samardzic, M., Doekhie, K. D., & Wijngaarden, J. D. H. Van. (2020). Interventions to Improve Team Effectiveness Within Health Care : A Systematic Review of The Past Decade. Human Resources for Health, 3, 1–42.
Committee, A., & Apic, S. (2002). Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report Guideline for Hand Hygiene in Health-Care Settings Recommendations of the Healthcare Infection Control Practices Centers for Disease Control and Prevention TM. 51.
Djubaedah, I. (2025). Hubungan Pengetahuan dan Sikap Perawat terhadap Pelaksanaan Keselamatan Pasien di RSU Baiktul Hikmah Kendal. Fakultas Ilmu Keperawatan Universitas Islam Sultan Agung.
Easton, R., & Alyafei, A. (2024). The Health Belief Model of Behavior Change. StatPearls.
Exposto, L. A. S. M., Fransisco, M., Gonçalves, T. R., Colo, A. L., Barros, Q. F., Costa, H. M. C., & Fontes, R. (2022). Monitoring the Use of Personal Protective Equipment on Employers’ Health and Safety. Indonesian Journal of Multidisciplinary Science, 1(4), 364–373. https://doi.org/10.55324/ijoms.v1i4.66
Fabre, V., Herzig, C., Anchiraico, L., Cic, G., Aquiles, B., Belen, A., Bangher, C., Bernan, M. L., Burokas, S., Cazali, I. L., Colque, A., Mabel, S., Cic, C., Costilla, G., Chiroy, A., Ascencao, G. De, Cruz, C., Ezcurra, C., Guerrero-toapanta, F., … Ms, C. R. (2025). Health care workers’ perceptions about infection prevention and control in Latin America. AJIC: American Journal of Infection Control, 53(2), 222–227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajic.2024.10.004
Gammon, J., & Gould, D. (2007). A review of the evidence for suboptimal compliance of healthcare practitioners to standard / universal infection control precautions. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2702.2006.01852.x
Ghorbanmovahhed, S., Shahbazi, S., Gilani, N., Ostadi, A., Shabanloei, R., & Gholizadeh, L. (2023). Effectiveness of Implementing of An Infection Control Link Nurse Program to Improve Compliance with Standard Precautions and Hand Hygiene among Nurses : A Quasi- Experimental Study. 1, 1–12.
Kemenkes RI. (2020). Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Nomor 3 Tahun 2020 Tentang Klasifikasi Dan Perizinan Rumah Sakit. Jakarta : Kementerian Kesehatan RI. https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Home/Details/152506/permenkes-no-3-tahun-2020
Kustiyuwati, Hasmar, D. M., & Hidayat, S. (2021). Hubungan Pengetahuan Perawat Dengan Perilaku Penggunaan Apd Pada Penanganan Pasien Covid-19 Di Rs Khusus Paru Karawang. Jkk, 1(1).
Lawn, S., Zhi, X., & Morello, A. (2017). An Integrative Review of E-Learning in The Delivery of Self-Management Support Training for Health Professionals. BMC Medical Education. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-017-1022-0
Melanda W. et al. (2024). Analisis Penerapan Model Pelatihan dan Pengembangan Karyawan untuk Meningkatkan Kompetensi Pegawai DPMPTSP Karawang. Jurnal Sians Student Research, 2(4), 881–892.
Montol, G. W., Nelwan, O. S., & Walangitan, M. D. (2022). Pengaruh Pelatihan, Kepuasan Kerja Dan Kompetensi Terhadap Prestasi Kerja Karyawan Di Pt Hasjrat Abadi Tendean Manado. Jurnal EMBA : Jurnal Riset Ekonomi, Manajemen, Bisnis Dan Akuntansi, 10(2), 569. https://doi.org/10.35794/emba.v10i2.39369
Nainggolan, K., Rachim, F., Ansya, Y. A., Faridi, A., Kemalaintan, N., Nurlaela, E., Kato, I., Koedoes, Y. A., Chaerul, M., Hutriani, I. W., Senoadji, U., Sari, P., Berlianti, & Rais, M. (2025). Membangun Budaya K3 dalam Mewujudkan Lingkungan Kerja Sehat. Yayasan Kita Menulis.
Notoatmodjo, S. (2014). Ilmu Perilaku Kesehatan. Rineka Cipta.
Notoatmodjo, S. (2012). Promosi Kesehatan dan Perilaku Kesehatan. Rineka Cipta.
Perpres 72 Tahun 2021. (2021). Peraturan Presiden (PERPRES) Nomor 72 Tahun 2021 tentang Percepatan Penurunan Stunting. Jakarta : Presiden Republik Indonesia.
Rauf, N. I., Fakhruddin, S., & Mu, A. (2025). Pengaruh Pelatihan Pencegahan dan Pengendalian Infeksi (PPI) terhadap Pengetahuan Tenaga Kesehatan: Studi Pra-Eksperimen di Klinik Swasta, Indonesia. Jurnal Promotif Preventif, 8(6), 1383–1392.
Rejeki, P. (2023). Efektivitas Media Booklet dalam Peningkatan Pengetahuan Keselamatan Pasien.
Romano-bertrand, S., Aho-glele, L., Grandbastien, B., & Gehanno, J. (2020). Sustainability of SARS-CoV-2 in aerosols : should we worry about airborne transmission ? Journal of Hospital Infection, 105(4), 601–603. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhin.2020.06.018
Sari, D. S. (2023). Efektifitas Edukasi Kesehatan dengan Media Leaflet terhadap Pengetahuan Pengendalian Infeksi Nosokomial di Rumah Sakit Islam ’Aisyiyah Nganjuk.
Tsukada, K., Yasui, Y., Miyata, S., Fuyumuro, J., & Kikuchi, T. (2024). Effectiveness of Virtual Reality Training in Teaching Personal Protective Equipment Skills A Randomized Clinical Trial. 7(2), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.55358
Woolleya, K., Smitha, R., & Arumugam, S. (2020). Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Guidelines, adaptations and lessons during the COVID-19 pandemic. Elsevier Masson France, January.
World Health Organization. (2016). Health care without avoidable infections The critical role of infection prevention and control.
Yusuf, M. D., & Rusiana, D. A. (2023). Ratusan Kasus Judi di Jateng Diungkap, Paling Banyak di Pati. Kompas.Com. https://regional.kompas.com/read/2023/09/15/174704978/ratusan-kasus-judi-di-jateng-diungkap-paling-banyak-di-pati
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.30829/contagion.v8i3.28703
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rakheyrsma Lembayung Puri
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
