Actuarial Evaluation of Additional Contributions in Early Retirement Programs Using the Spreading Gains and Losses Method

Abstract

This study examines the actuarial and funding implications of accelerated retirement in a defined benefit pension scheme by integrating the Projected Unit Credit (PUC) method with the Spreading Gains and Losses approach. While both methods are widely applied in pension valuation, limited empirical evidence evaluates their combined implementation under retirement age acceleration scenarios, particularly in Indonesian public sector schemes. This study addresses that gap using secondary administrative employment data of 87 female civil servants obtained from the Investment and One-Stop Integrated Services Office of Lampung Province (Dinas Penanaman Modal dan Pelayanan Terpadu Satu Pintu Provinsi Lampung), grouped into four entry-age cohorts (22–25 years). The analysis compares normal retirement at age 58 with accelerated retirement at age 50, assuming a 5% annual effective interest rate and 8% biennial salary growth. The results indicate that, at valuation age 45, actuarial liabilities increase by approximately 49.8% under retirement at age 50 relative to age 58. The shorter discounting period and earlier benefit payments outweigh the reduced contribution period, resulting in the emergence of Unfunded Actuarial Liability (UAL). The resulting Past Service Liability (PSL) is amortized over five years, requiring additional contributions ranging from IDR 27.06 million to IDR 82.05 million across entry-age groups. These findings highlight the high sensitivity of pension funding to retirement age assumptions and emphasize the importance of actuarial impact assessments prior to policy implementation. However, the deterministic framework and relatively small sample size limit broader generalization of the results.