Dynamics of Political Policy in the Classical Period: The Conversion of Republic-Monarchy-Absolute Monarchy

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to find out what government systems were in place during the classical period. In addition, it also analyzes the development of political policies that occurred during the classical period. The method used in the study is qualitative-descriptive using a literature study approach. So that it is expected that the study will obtain valid data in accordance with the research topic. The results obtained are that there are various orders that occurred during the classical period, namely the republic and monarchy. In addition, there are also important elements in the government, namely the caliph, deliberation, allegiance, and crown prince. While in the dynamics of the Islamic political system during the classical period there were Al-Khulafa Al-Rasyidun until the daulah/dynasty period. The explanation of the dynamics of the Islamic government system shows changes. During the al-Khulafa al-Rasyidun era, the government system implemented was a democratic republic by making the four caliphs the highest leaders of Muslims and upholding the principle of deliberation. While during the dynasty/daulah era, the Islamic government system began to experience significant changes. Initially it was in the form of a republic upholding democratic principles, then changed to a monarchy system.