DYNAMICS OF DIGITAL PARENTING SELF-EFFICACY AMONG MUSLIM MOTHERS AFTER ISLAMIC VALUES-BASED DIGITAL SAFETY PSYCHOEDUCATION: A QUALITATIVE DESCRIPTIVE STUDY

Abstract

The growing digital safety risks faced by Indonesian children have not been matched by mothers' capacity to accompany their children online, while research on digital parenting self-efficacy remains dominated by quantitative approaches that cannot capture its subjective dynamics. This study aims to explore and describe the dynamics of digital parenting self-efficacy among Muslim mothers following an Islamic values-based digital safety psychoeducation. A qualitative descriptive design was employed with six purposively selected Muslim mothers of children aged 6 to 12 years. The intervention consisted of a two-session psychoeducation of 60 minutes per session that integrated digital safety content with the values of amanah, tarbiyah, and tawakkul. Data were collected through six-block semi-structured in-depth interviews based on Bandura's four sources of self-efficacy, facilitator field notes, and participant worksheets, and were analysed using six-phase thematic analysis, with NVivo autocoding as an additional cross-check. The findings show a general shift from reactive, duration-based restriction toward reflective, content-based accompaniment, although the shift was neither uniform nor always linear across informants. All four sources of self-efficacy were identified as driving these dynamics, and the psychoeducation session itself served a dual function as a source of verbal persuasion and vicarious experience for informants who previously lacked a digital parenting support network. The three Islamic values contributed with different levels of internalisation: amanah was the most universal and was immediately translated into action, tawakkul resonated most strongly as a mechanism of affective regulation, while tarbiyah was still in progress because it requires repeated dialogical interaction. The findings show that Islamic values function as a cultural-religious pathway that enriches Bandura's self-efficacy framework in the context of Muslim mothers' digital parenting.