Harmonization of Divorce Law: Between Hadith and Positive Law in Indonesia
Abstract
The hadith on joking divorce (HR. At-Tirmizi) creates normative tension with Indonesian positive law requiring judicial divorce proceedings. Textual understanding of this hadith potentially legitimizes unilateral divorce, while Law No. 1/1974 and the Compilation of Islamic Law emphasize legal protection for women and children. Objective: This study analyzes the normative conflict between the joking divorce hadith and Indonesian positive law, and formulates a harmonization model by positioning the hadith "antum a'lamu bi umūri dunyākum" as the philosophical foundation for divorce regulation in Indonesia. Method: This normative-philosophical research employs hadith text analysis (taḥlīl al-naṣ) and legal policy analysis, with primary and secondary sources analyzed qualitatively-interpretively. Results: Three main findings emerge: (1) The joking divorce hadith must be understood as affirming moral responsibility (mas'ūliyyah), not as an absolute procedural rule; (2) The "antum a'lamu" hadith provides normative legitimacy for the state to regulate divorce procedures for substantive justice; (3) Religious Courts function as institutions converting divorce utterances into legally valid decisions both religiously and nationally. Conclusion: Divorce law harmonization is achieved through the "procedural divorce" concept distinguishing normative-moral validity at the individual level and juridical-public validity at the institutional level. Implication: This model offers a new paradigm in contemporary Islamic family law integrating textual authority and state authority hierarchically-functionally.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.58836/al-qanun.v7i2.27991
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