Analysis of Distribution Patterns of Environmental Risk Factors with Malaria Incidents in the Working Area of the Tanjung Tiram Community Health Center, Batu Bara Regency
Abstract
Environmental conditions have a big influence on the incidence of malaria because a bad environment can increase the breeding and proliferation of Anopheles mosquitoes. The aim of this research is to determine environmental risk factors and distribution patterns of malaria in the Tanjung Tiram Community Health Center working area, Batubara Regency. This research method is analytical observational with a case control research design and an ecological approach. This research was conducted in the working area of the Tanjung Tiram Health Center, Batu Bara Regency, which was carried out from April to July 2023. Population 40,604 people. The sampling technique was purposive sampling so that the research sample was 100 people. Data collection uses questionnaires and observation sheets. Data analysis using the bivariate Chi square test on SPSS version 20 software and Analysis of malaria case distribution mapping using the Geographic Information System (GIS) application to describe the distribution pattern of malaria in Batubara Regency. The results of the study show that there is a relationship between environmental risk factors such as ceilings (p-value=0.000), wall type (p-value=0.000), ventilation (p-value=0.000), wall density (p-value=0.000), partitions on windows (p-value=0.000), the presence of puddles (p-value=0.000), gutters (p-value=0.000) and swamps around the house (p-value=0.000). The distribution of Malaria cases in Tanjung Tiram District, Batubara Regency is not spread across all areas in the district, this means that the highest number of malaria cases occur in mixed plantation areas. By depicting the distribution pattern in the form of a map, it can optimize the reduction in the incidence of malaria cases.
Keywords: Environment, Geographic Information System, Malaria
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Agustina, D., & Siregar, P. A. (2021). Environmental and Behavioral Factors Analysis of Malaria Incidents. Jurnal Ilmiah STIKES Kendal, 11(2), 423–432. https://doi.org/10.32583/pskm.v11i2.1198
Agyemang-Badu, S. Y., Awuah, E., Oduro-Kwarteng, S., Dzamesi, J. Y. W., Dom, N. C., & Kanno, G. G. (2023). Environmental Management and Sanitation as a Malaria Vector Control Strategy: A Qualitative Cross-Sectional Study Among Stakeholders, Sunyani Municipality, Ghana. Environmental Health Insights, 17, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1177/11786302221146890
Apriliani, Siregar, P. A., Tarigan, A. A., & Hasibuan, R. (2021). Analysis of Risk Factors Malaria Incidence in Indonesia (Data Analysis of Basic Health Research 2018). International Archives of Medical Sciences and Public Health, 2(1), 98–107. https://pcijournal.org/index.php/iamsph/article/view/161
Baker, R. E., Mahmud, A. S., Miller, I. F., Rajeev, M., Rasambainarivo, F., Rice, B. L., Takahashi, S., Tatem, A. J., Wagner, C. E., Wang, L. F., Wesolowski, A., & Metcalf, C. J. E. (2022). Infectious Disease in an Era of Global Change. Nature Reviews Microbiology, 20(4), 193–205. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41579-021-00639-z
Cristaldi, M. A., Catry, T., Pottier, A., Herbreteau, V., Roux, E., Jacob, P., & Previtali, M. A. (2022). Determining the spatial distribution of environmental and socio-economic suitability for human leptospirosis in the face of limited epidemiological data. Infectious Diseases of Poverty, 11(1), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40249-022-01010-x
Darmawansyah, Habibi, J., Ramlis, R., & Wulandari, W. (2019). Determinan Kejadian Malaria. Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat, 8(3), 136–142. https://doi.org/10.33221/jikm.v8i03.370
Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi Sumatera Utara. (2019). Profil Kesehatan Provinsi Sumatera Utara Tahun 2018.
Dompas, B. E., Sumampouw, O. J., & Umboh, J. M. L. (2020). Apakah Faktor Lingkungan Fisik Rumah Berhubungan dengan Kejadian Demam Berdarah Dengue? Journal of Public Health and Community Medicine, 1(April), 11–15. https://doi.org/10.35801/ijphcm.1.2.2020.28662
Ferdiansyah. (2016). Gambaran Sanitasi, Tempat Penampungan Air dan Keberadaan Jentik Aedes sp. di Kelurahan Balleangin Kecamatan Balocci Kabupaten Pangkep [Universitas Islam Alauddin Makassar]. http://repositori.uin-alauddin.ac.id/
Fitriani, D., Raharjo, M., Martini, M., Setiani, O., & Wahyuningsih, N. E. (2023). Penerapan Integrated Vector Management (IVM) Dalam Upaya Eliminasi Malaria Di Daerah Endemis Kabupaten Purworejo. Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Indonesia, 22(1), 112–121. https://doi.org/10.14710/jkli.22.1.112-121
Kahamba, N. F., Finda, M., Ngowo, H. S., Msugupakulya, B. J., Baldini, F., Koekemoer, L. L., Ferguson, H. M., & Okumu, F. O. (2022). Using ecological observations to improve malaria control in areas where Anopheles funestus is the dominant vector. Malaria Journal, 21(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-022-04198-3
Kemenkes RI. (2011). Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Nomor 1077/MENKES/PER/V/2011 Tentang Pedoman Penyehatan Udara Dalam Ruang Rumah. Jakarta : Kementerian Kesehatan RI.
Kemenkes RI. (2022). Situasi Malaria Terkini Indonesia 2022. https://malaria.kemkes.go.id/case
Undang - Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 36 Tahun 2009 Tentang Kesehatan. (2009). Jakarta : Kementerian Kesehatan RI
Kruk, M. E., Gage, A. D., Arsenault, C., Jordan, K., Leslie, H. H., Roder-DeWan, S., Adeyi, O., Barker, P., Daelmans, B., Doubova, S. V., English, M., Elorrio, E. G., Guanais, F., Gureje, O., Hirschhorn, L. R., Jiang, L., Kelley, E., Lemango, E. T., Liljestrand, J., … Pate, M. (2018). High-quality health systems in the Sustainable Development Goals era: time for a revolution. The Lancet Global Health, 6(11), e1196–e1252. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30386-3
Lindahl, J. F., Grace, D., & Strand, T. (2015). The consequences of human actions on risks for infectious diseases: a review. Infection Ecology and Epidemiology, 5(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.3402/IEE.V5.30048
Madayanti, S., Raharjo, M., & Purwanto, H. (2022). Faktor Risiko Yang Mempengaruhi Kejadian Malaria di Wilayah Distrik Jayapura Selatan Kota Jayapura. Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Indonesia, 21(3), 358–365. https://doi.org/10.14710/jkli.21.3.358-365
Manangsang, F., Ganing, A., Purba, E. R. V., Rumaseb, E., & Sarwadhamana, R. J. (2021). Analisis Faktor Risiko Lingkungan Terhadap Kejadian Malaria di Kabupaten Kerom Provinsi Papua. Journal of Hospital Administration, 4(2), 37–42. https://doi.org/10.21927/ijhaa.2021.4(2).37-42
Mattah, P. A. D., Futagbi, G., Amekudzi, L. K., Mattah, M. M., De Souza, D. K., Kartey-Attipoe, W. D., Bimi, L., & Wilson, M. D. (2017). Diversity in breeding sites and distribution of Anopheles mosquitoes in selected urban areas of southern Ghana. Parasites and Vectors, 10(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-016-1941-3
Mmbando, A. S., Bradley, J., Kazimbaya, D., Kasubiri, R., Knudsen, J., Siria, D., von Seidlein, L., Okumu, F. O., & Lindsay, S. W. (2022). The effect of light and ventilation on house entry by Anopheles arabiensis sampled using light traps in Tanzania: an experimental hut study. Malaria Journal, 21(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-022-04063-3
Purwati, K. (2018). Hubungan Pengetahuan Masyarakat Dengan Upaya Pencegahan Malaria Di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Longat Kecamatan Penyabungan Barat Kabupaten Mandailing Natal. Jurnal Keperawatan Stikes Hang Tuah Tanjungpinang, 8(1), 815–821.
Rejeki, D. S. S., Solikhah, & Wijayanti, S. P. M. (2021). Risk factors analysis of malaria transmission at cross-bounda-ries area in Menoreh Hills, Java, Indonesia. Iranian Journal of Public Health, 50(9), 1816–1824. https://doi.org/10.18502/ijph.v50i9.7054
Rusli, M., Manalu, S. M. H., & Syaputri, D. (2023). Analysis of the Distribution Pattern Environmental Risk Factors with the Incidence Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever in South Binjai District, Binjai City. Contagion: Scientific Periodical Journal of Public Health and Coastal Health, 5(4), 1205–1215. https://doi.org/10.30829/contagion.v5i4.17836
Sembiring, L. N. B., & Wandikbo, S. (2023). Hubungan Lingkungan Dengan Kejadian Malaria Pada Masyarakat Di Kampung Nawaripi Kabupaten Mimika Provinsi Papua. Prosiding STIKES Bethesda, 2(1), 136–146.
Siregar, N. R. (2019). Kondisi Fisik Rumah Dengan Kejadian Malaria Di Desa Tambiski Kecamatan Nagajuang Kabupaten Mandailing Natal. Jurnal Keperawatan Flora, 12(2), 58–64. https://jurnal.stikesflora-medan.ac.id/index.php/jkpf%0AKondisi
Siregar, P. A., & Saragih, I. D. (2021). Faktor Risiko Malaria Masyarakat Pesisir di Kecamatan Pantai Cermin Kabupaten Serdang Bedagai. Tropical Public Health Journal, 1(2), 50–57. https://doi.org/10.32734/trophico.v1i2.7261
Sokang, Y. A., Westmaas, A. H., & Kok, G. (2019). From physical to spiritual: A qualitative study of Jakartans health & sickness. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(19), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16193564
Suriyani. (2023). Hubungan Lingkungan Rumah dan Perilaku Masyarakat Dengan Kejadian Malaria di Kampung Batedistrik Arso Kabupaten Keerom. Journals of Ners Community, 13(2), 331–347.
Svalastog, A. L., Donev, D., Kristoffersen, N. J., & Gajović, S. (2017). Concepts and definitions of health and health-related values in the knowledge landscapes of the digital society. Croatian Medical Journal, 58(6), 431–435. https://doi.org/10.3325/cmj.2017.58.431
Tarekegn, M., Tekie, H., Wolde-hawariat, Y., & Dugassa, S. (2022). Habitat characteristics and spatial distribution of Anopheles mosquito larvae in malaria elimination settings in Dembiya District, Northwestern Ethiopia. International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 42(4), 2937–2947. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42690-022-00821-7
Taurustya, H. (2020). Analisis sanitasi lingkungan dengan kejadian malaria di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Sidomulyo Kecamatan Gading Cempaka Kota Bengkulu. Jurnal Kedokteran Raflesia, 6(1), 11–18.
Tavares, W., Morais, J., Martins, J. F., Scalsky, R. J., Stabler, T. C., Medeiros, M. M., Fortes, F. J., Arez, A. P., & Silva, J. C. (2022). Malaria in Angola: recent progress, challenges and future opportunities using parasite demography studies. Malaria Journal, 21(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-022-04424-y
Utami, T. P., Hasyim, H., Kaltsum, U., Dwifitri, U., Meriwati, Y., Yuniwarti, Y., Paridah, Y., & Zulaiha, Z. (2022). Faktor Risiko Penyebab Terjadinya Malaria di Indonesia : Literature Review. Jurnal Surya Medika, 7(2), 96–107. https://doi.org/10.33084/jsm.v7i2.3211
WHO. (2022). World Malaria Report 2022. Geneva: World Health Organization.
Yang, D., He, Y., Wu, B., Deng, Y., Li, M., Yang, Q., Huang, L., Cao, Y., & Liu, Y. (2020). Drinking water and sanitation conditions are associated with the risk of malaria among children under five years old in sub-Saharan Africa: A logistic regression model analysis of national survey data. Journal of Advanced Research, 21(January), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jare.2019.09.001
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.30829/contagion.v6i1.17839
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2024 Nurmala Hayati Sihombing, Theodorus Teddy Bambang Soedjadi, Deli Syaputri, Samuel Marganda Halomoan Manalu, Desy Ari Apsari
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
