Ecological Analysis of Stunting Toddlers in East Nusa Tenggara Province 2021
Abstract
Stunting is a chronic condition that results in stunted growth of children under five due to malnutrition for a long time. The objective of this study is to analyze the factors associated with the occurrence of stunting in East Nusa Tenggara Province in the year 2021. An ecological approach is employed in this study, utilizing secondary data obtained from the 2021 East Nusa Tenggara Province Health Profile report. This research was conducted from January to March 2023. Analysis was carried out on a total of 22 districts/cities, with a population of 388,760 toddlers which included the entire sample size, namely toddlers with stunting incidents totaling 81,354 toddlers. The main variable predicted is the proportion of stunted toddlers. Predictor variables consist of the percentage of ANC visits, the proportion of LBW history and the percentage of exclusive breastfeeding. Bivariate analysis involved the utilization of cross-tabulation to examine the relationships between variables. The results of the study show that the prevalence of stunting status in toddlers is in the moderate category (16.04-24.07%). This happened as the coverage of ANC visits in districts/cities was in the low category (40.0-61.6%), history of LBW in districts/cities was in the low category (3.0-6.6%) and breastfeeding exclusively in districts/cities that are in the high category (65.67-93.0%). Stunting among toddlers in the province of East Nusa Tenggara in 2021 is in the moderate category along with ANC visits in districts/cities which are in the low category, history of LBW in districts/cities is in the low category and exclusive breastfeeding in districts/cities is also in the low category. To accelerate stunting prevention in Indonesia, it is essential to have synchronized efforts in planning, implementation, and monitoring at all government levels, including villages. The active involvement of all stakeholders is crucial in achieving this goal.
Keyword: Community nutrition, Ecological analysis, Secondary data, Stuned
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Badan Kebijakan Pembangunan Kesehatan. Kementerian Kesehatan. (2022). Status Gizi SSGI 2022. Badan Kebijakan Pembangunan Kesehatan Kementerian Kesehatan RI.
Black, R. E., Allen, L. H., Bhutta, Z. A., Caulfield, L. E., de Onis, M., Ezzati, M., Mathers, C., & Rivera, J. (2008). Maternal and child undernutrition: global and regional exposures and health consequences. The Lancet, 371(9608), 243–260. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61690-0
Budiastutik, I., & Rahfiludin, M. Z. (2019). Faktor Risiko Stunting pada anak di Negara Berkembang. Amerta Nutrition, 3(3), 122. https://doi.org/10.20473/amnt.v3i3.2019.122-129
Caulfield, L. E., Richard, S. A., Rivera, J. A., Musgrove, P., & Black, R. E. (2006). Stunting, Wasting, and Micronutrient Deficiency Disorders. In Jamison DT, Breman JG, Measham AR, Alleyne G, Claeson M, & Evans DB (Eds.), Disease control priorities in developing countries (2nd ed., Vol. 2, pp. 551–567). Oxford University Press.
Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur. (2021). Profil Kesehatan Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur Tahun 2021. Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur.
Fikadu, T., Assegid, S., & Dube, L. (2014). Factors associated with stunting among children of age 24 to 59 months in Meskan district, Gurage Zone, South Ethiopia: A case-control study. BMC Public Health, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-14-800
Hadisuyitno, J., Riyadi, B. D., & Suprajitno. (2021). Determinant Factors of Stunting Events of Toddler in Batu City Indonesia. Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy, 12(1), 231–234.
Halim, F., Ermiati, & Sari, E. A. (2021). Factors of stunting in toddlers: A literature review. In Journal of Nursing Care (Vol. 4, Issue 1).
Halli, S. S., Biradar, R. A., & Prasad, J. B. (2022). Low Birth Weight, the Differentiating Risk Factor for Stunting among Preschool Children in India. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(7), 3751. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19073751
Kahssay, M., Mohamed, L., & Gebre, A. (2020). Nutritional Status of School Going Adolescent Girls in Awash Town, Afar Region, Ethiopia. Journal of Environmental and Public Health, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/7367139
Laksono, A. D., Sukoco, N. E. W., Rachmawati, T., & Wulandari, R. D. (2022). Factors Related to Stunting Incidence in Toddlers with Working Mothers in Indonesia. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(17). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191710654
Millward, D. J. (2017). Nutrition, infection and stunting: the roles of deficiencies of individual nutrients and foods, and of inflammation, as determinants of reduced linear growth of children. Nutrition Research Reviews, 30(1), 50–72. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954422416000238
Morgenstern, H. (1995). Ecologic studies in epidemiology: Concepts, principles, and methods. Annual Review of Public Health, 16(1), 61–81. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.pu.16.050195.000425
Oktaviani, I., Rahmawati, D., & Kana, Y. N. R. (2021). Prevalensi dan Faktor Risiko Anemia pada Anak di Negara Maju. Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia, 16(4), 218. https://doi.org/10.26714/jkmi.16.4.2021.218-226
Pratiwi, S. R. (2019). Manajemen kampanye komunikasi kesehatan dalam upaya pengurangan prevalensi balita stunting. Jurnal Manajemen Komunikasi, 4(1), 82. https://doi.org/10.24198/jmk.v4i1.23435
Prendergast, A. J., & Humphrey, J. H. (2014). The stunting syndrome in developing countries. Paediatrics and International Child Health, 34(4), 250–265. https://doi.org/10.1179/2046905514Y.0000000158
Pusat Data dan Informasi Kementerian Kesehatan RI. (2018). Situasi Balita Pendek (Stunting) di Indonesia. Buletin Jendela Data dan Informasi Kesehatan.
Putri, T. A., Salsabilla, D. A., & Saputra, R. K. (2022). The Effect of Low Birth Weight on Stunting in Children Under Five: A Meta Analysis. Journal of Maternal and Child Health, 6(4), 496–506. https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2021.06.04.11
Semba, R. D., de Pee, S., Sun, K., Sari, M., Akhter, N., & Bloem, M. W. (2008). Effect of parental formal education on risk of child stunting in Indonesia and Bangladesh: a cross-sectional study. The Lancet, 371(9609), 322–328. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60169-5
Setyowati, E., Musfiroh, M., Arief, I., Leonardo Sari, A., Sayyid Ali Rahmatullah, U., & Agung, T. (2022). Eny Setyowati et al / Exclusive Breastfeeding as an Effort to Prevent Stunting in Toddlers eISSN. 20, 1303–5150. https://doi.org/10.14704/nq.2022.20.5.NQ22664
Tim Percepatan Pencegahan Anak Kerdil (Stunting). (2020). Percepatan Pencegahan Stunting. Kementerian Kesehatan RI.
Vilcins, D., Sly, P. D., & Jagals, P. (2018). Environmental Risk Factors Associated with Child Stunting: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Annals of Global Health, 84(4), 551. https://doi.org/10.29024/aogh.2361
Wahyuni, E., Erye Frety, E., & Atika. (2021). Relationship of Quality of Antenatal Care (Anc) To Stunting Events in Children Age 24-59 Months in Indonesia Using Literature Review Method. MIKIA: Mimbar Ilmiah Kesehatan Ibu Dan Anak (Maternal and Neonatal Health Journal), 65–75. https://doi.org/10.36696/mikia.v5i1.61
WHO, & UNICEF. (2018). Levels and trends in child malnutrition.
Yenita, R. N., & Ruwaida, A. (2021). Risk factors for stunting in children under five years old in the working area of UPTD Health Center in Teluk Kuantan. In Al Insyirah International Scientific Conference On Health (Vol. 2). https://jurnal.stikes-alinsyirah.ac.id/index.php/aisch/article/view/1572
Young, M. F., Nguyen, P. H., Gonzalez Casanova, I., Addo, O. Y., Tran, L. M., Nguyen, S., Martorell, R., & Ramakrishnan, U. (2018). Role of maternal preconception nutrition on offspring growth and risk of stunting across the first 1000 days in Vietnam: A prospective cohort study. PLOS ONE, 13(8), e0203201. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0203201
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.30829/contagion.v5i4.15739
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2023 Yulianti Nataya Rame Kana, Mohammad Zainal Fatah, Muji Sulistyowati
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
