A Review of Monkeypox Infection in LGBT Community

Nurul Nisa Ulfa

Abstract


The reappearance of the monkeypox virus in 2022 in 58 countries and Indonesia is no exception, which confirmed 1 case in patients post travelling abroad. The current monkeypox infection is still present, with symptoms that vary from person to person and are typically characterized by reddish rashes. Still, it is primarily confined to the genital, perigenital, and perianal areas. It manifests at various stages of development, in addition to transmission from animals caused by hunting activities or in LGBT ( Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender) communities that have unprotected sex and can be infected through semen and saliva. This review aims to find a relationship between the increasing number of monkeypox cases, especially in LGBT community, based on the literature study approach and case reports. One of the non-medicamentous ways is to reduce travelling abroad, especially in countries with many monkeypox cases. Preventing direct contact, such as abstaining from sex and using condoms, is also a way to reduce the morbidity of monkeypox infection, especially in LGBT community. The treatment has not proven effective, and the available vaccines, especially in Indonesia, are still limited. Only a few cases in Indonesia have been reported.


Full Text:

PDF

References


Admin. 2020. “Epidemiological update: monkeypox outbreak.” European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC).

Antinori, Andrea, Valentina Mazzotta, Serena Vita, Fabrizio Carletti, Danilo Tacconi, Laura Emma Lapini, Alessandra D’Abramo, Stefania Cicalini, Daniele Lapa, Silvia Pittalis, Vincenzo Puro, Marco Rivano Capparuccia, Emanuela Giombini, Cesare Ernesto Maria Gruber, Anna Rosa Garbuglia, Alessandra Marani, Francesco Vairo, Enrico Girardi, Francesco Vaia, Emanuele Nicastri, Alessandro Agresta, Francesco Baldini, Tommaso Ascoli Bartoli, Alessia Beccacece, Rita Bellagamba, Aurora Bettini, Nazario Bevilacqua, Marta Camici, Francesca Colavita, Angela Corpolongo, Gabriella De Carli, Federico De Zottis, Francesca Faraglia, Massimo Francalancia, Concetta Maria Fusco, Roberta Gagliardini, Saba Gebremeskel, Maria Letizia Giancola, Giulia Gramigna, Elisabetta Grilli, Susanna Grisetti, Simone Lanini, Gaetano Maffongelli, Andrea Mariano, Ilaria Mastrorosa, Giulia Matusali, Silvia Meschi, Claudia Minosse, Martina Moccione, Annalisa Mondi, Vanessa Mondillo, Nicoletta Orchi, Sandrine Ottou, Carmela Pinnetti, Silvia Rosati, Martina Rueca, Laura Scorzolini, Eliana Specchiarello, dan Alessandra Vergori. 2022. “Epidemiological, clinical and virological characteristics of four cases of monkeypox support transmission through sexual contact, Italy, May 2022.” Eurosurveillance 27(2). doi: 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2022.27.22.2200421.

De Baetselier, Irith, Christophe Van Dijck, Chris Kenyon, Jasmine Coppens, Johan Michiels, Tessa de Block, Hilde Smet, Sandra Coppens, Fien Vanroye, Joachim Jakob Bugert, Philipp Girl, Sabine Zange, Laurens Liesenborghs, Isabel Brosius, Johan van Griensven, Philippe Selhorst, Eric Florence, Dorien Van den Bossche, Kevin K. Ariën, Antonio Mauro Rezende, Koen Vercauteren, Marjan Van Esbroeck, Kadrie Ramadan, Tom Platteau, Karin Van Looveren, Jolien Baeyens, Cindy Van Hoyweghen, Marianne Mangelschots, Leo Heyndrickx, Anne Hauner, Betty Willems, Emmanuel Bottieau, Patrick Soentjens, Nicole Berens, Saskia Van Henten, Stefanie Bracke, Thibaut Vanbaelen, Leen Vandenhove, Jacob Verschueren, Kevin K. Ariën, Marie Laga, Jef Vanhamel, dan Bea Vuylsteke. 2022. “Retrospective detection of asymptomatic monkeypox virus infections among male sexual health clinic attendees in Belgium.” Nature Medicine 28(11):2288–92. doi: 10.1038/s41591-022-02004-w.

Bunge, Eveline M., Bernard Hoet, Liddy Chen, Florian Lienert, Heinz Weidenthaler, Lorraine R. Baer, dan Robert Steffen. 2022. “The changing epidemiology of human monkeypox—A potential threat? A systematic review.” PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases 16(2). doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010141.

Jahan, Shah Md Sarwer, dan SM Nurun Nabi. 2022. “Monkeypox: A Contemporary Review for Healthcare Professionals.” Journal of Rangpur Medical College 7(2):1–3. doi: 10.3329/jrpmc.v7i2.62637.

Jang, Young Rock, Minji Lee, Hwachul Shin, Jin Won Kim, Myung min Choi, Young Mi Kim, Min Ji Lee, Jinsil Kim, Hye Kyoung Na, dan Jin Yong Kim. 2022. “The First Case of Monkeypox in the Republic of Korea.” Journal of Korean Medical Science 37(27). doi: 10.3346/jkms.2022.37.e224.

Kesehatan, A. 2022. “MonkeyPox Terdeteksi di Jakarta.”

Mileto, Davide, Agostino Riva, Miriam Cutrera, Davide Moschese, Alessandro Mancon, Luca Meroni, Andrea Giacomelli, Giovanna Bestetti, Giuliano Rizzardini, Maria Rita Gismondo, dan Spinello Antinori. 2022. “New challenges in human monkeypox outside Africa: A review and case report from Italy.” Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease 49. doi: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2022.102386.

Moore MJ, Rathish B, Zahra F. 2022. “Monkeypox.” StatPearls Publishing.

Petersen, Eskild, Ibrahim Abubakar, Chikwe Ihekweazu, David Heymann, Francine Ntoumi, Lucille Blumberg, Danny Asogun, Victor Mukonka, Swaib Abubaker Lule, Matthew Bates, Isobella Honeyborne, Sayoki Mfinanga, Peter Mwaba, Osman Dar, Francesco Vairo, Maowia Mukhtar, Richard Kock, Tim McHugh, Giuseppe Ippolito, dan Alimuddin Zumla. 2019. “Monkeypox — Enhancing public health preparedness for an emerging lethal human zoonotic epidemic threat in the wake of the smallpox post-eradication era.” International Journal of Infectious Diseases 78:78–84. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2018.11.008.

Vivancos, Roberto, Charlotte Anderson, Paula Blomquist, Sooria Balasegaram, Anita Bell, Louise Bishop, Colin S. Brown, Yimmy Chow, Obaghe Edeghere, Isaac Florence, Sarah Logan, Petra Manley, William Crowe, Andrew McAuley, Ananda Giri Shankar, Borja Mora-Peris, Karthik Paranthaman, Mateo Prochazka, Cian Ryan, David Simons, Richard Vipond, Chloe Byers, Nicholas A. Watkins, Will Welfare, Elizabeth Whittaker, Claire Dewsnap, Allegra Wilson, Yvonne Young, Meera Chand, Steven Riley, Susan Hopkins, Andre Charlett, Thomas Finnie, Helen McAuslane, Browne Weeple, Helen Fifer, Katy Sinka, David Edwards, Jamie Lopez-Bernal, Tommy Rampling, Andrew Lee, Dominic Mellon, Merav Kliner, Nick Young, Sophia Makki, Suzanne Coles, Wendi Shepherd, Victoria Latham, Ruby Tabor, Alice Graham, Jin Min Yuan, Neil MacDonald, Amoolya Vusirikala, Thomas Ma, Kristine Cooper, dan Maria Saavedra-Campos. 2022. “Community transmission of monkeypox in the United Kingdom, April to May 2022.” Eurosurveillance 27(2). doi: 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2022.27.22.2200422.




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.30829/contagion.v5i1.14929

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2023 Nurul Nisa Ulfa

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

 
Contagion: Scientific Periodical Journal of Public Health and Coastal Health by Program Studi Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.