TRANSFORMASI IDENTITAS SOSIAL PEREMPUAN TIONGHOA INDONESIA DARI KOMUNIKASI SOSIAL KE KOMUNIKASI POLITIK

Rudi Salam Sinaga; Puji Lestari; Khairunnisah Lubis; Agnita Yolanda

doi:10.30829/komunikologi.v6i1.12612

TRANSFORMASI IDENTITAS SOSIAL PEREMPUAN TIONGHOA INDONESIA DARI KOMUNIKASI SOSIAL KE KOMUNIKASI POLITIK

Rudi Salam Sinaga, Puji Lestari, Khairunnisah Lubis, Agnita Yolanda

Abstract

Abstrak

Transformasi identitas sosial pada setiap ruang dan waktu memiliki penyebab tersendiri dalam perubahannya. Tulisan ini ingin mendapatkan pada keadaan seperti apa komunikasi sosial bergerak menjadi komunikasi politik dikalangan perempuan tionghoa Indonesia. Tulisan ini mencoba meringkas perjalanan sejarah pada empat era (pra-kemerdekaan, orde baru, reformasi dan pasca-reformasi) untuk merefleksikan keadaan tersebut. Penelitian kualitatif ditetapkan sebagai jenis penelitian dalam tulisan ini karena berkaitan dengan interaksi, perubahan dan proses pada kurun waktu tertentu. Studi pustaka dianggap jenis penelitian kualitatif yang relevan digunakan untuk mendapatkan informasi. Data berasal dari telaah buku, artikel dan laporan penelitian yang relevan terhadap fokus penelitian. Data yang diperoleh kemudian di verifikasi kemudian dilakukan interpretasi untuk mendapatkan makna. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan bahwa pergeseran komunikasi sosial ke komunikasi politik terjadi untuk merespon keadaan tertentu dalam rangka adaptasi dan mengakomodasi perubahan jaman.

Abstract

The transformation of social identity in every space and time has its own causes in the changes. This paper wants to find out in what circumstances social communication moves into political communication among Indonesian Chinese women. This paper tries to summarize the history of the four eras (pre-independence, new order, reformation and post-reformation) to reflect this situation. Qualitative research is defined as a type of research in this paper because it deals with interactions, changes and processes over a certain period of time. Literature study is considered a relevant type of qualitative research used to obtain information. The data comes from a review of books, articles and research reports that are relevant to the research focus. The data obtained is then verified and then interpreted to get meaning. The results of the study found that the shift from social communication to political communication occurred to respond to certain circumstances in order to adapt and accommodate changing times.

Keywords

Komunikasi sosial, Komunikasi politik, Perempuan, Tionghoa

Full Text:

PDF

References

Adiputri, R. D. (2015). Political Culture in the Indonesian Parliament: Analyzing Parliamentary Debates on the Regional Parliaments 1999-2009. In Dissertation. University of Jyväskylä.

Afrianty, I. (2015). Rekrutmen Calon Anggota Legislatif Perempuan Partai Demokrat dan Partai Nasdem Tahun 2014. Politeia, 7(2), 64–73. https://jurnal.usu.ac.id/index.php/politeia/article/view/16062

Alonso, S., Keane, J., Merkel, W., & Fotou, M. (Eds.). (2011). The Future of Representative Democracy. Cambridge University Press.

Andriana, N., Siregar, S. N., Haris, S., Yanuarti, S., Budiatri, A. P., & Amalia, L. S. (2012). Perempuan, Partai Politik, dan Parlemen: Studi Kinerja Anggota Legislatif Perempuan di Tingkat Lokal. Pusat Penelitian Politik Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia dan Konrad Adenauer Stiftung. https://www.kas.de/c/document_library/get_file?uuid=f4cc8b75-fa78-c02b-c3ad-08fc9bc8d030&groupId=252038

Arisetya, D. (2015). Persepsi Etnis Tionghoa Sebagai Kelompok Minoritas Terhadap Etnis Non-Tionghoa Dalam Politik Multikulturalisme (Studi Di Kelurahan Metro). In Skripsi. Universitas Laampung.

Azis, A. (2013). Dilema Keterwakilan Perempuan Dalam Parlemen Suatu Pendekatan Hukum yang Perspektif Gender. Rangkang Education.

Cline, D. P. (2010). Revolution and Reconciliation: The Student Interracial Ministry, Liberal Protestantism, and the Civil Rights Movement, 1960-1970 [University of North Carolina]. In Dissertation. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-012397720-5.50034-7

Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches (Fourth Edi). Sage Publications.

Harjanto, N. T. B. (2010). Political Party Survival: The Golongan Karya Party and Electoral Politics in Indonesia 1999-2009 [Northern Illinois University]. In Dissertation. http://search.proquest.com/docview/851699861?accountid=13771

Hughes, M. M. (2011). Intersectionality, Quotas, and Minority Women’s Political Representation Worldwide. American Political Science Review, 105(3), 604–620. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055411000293

Indonesia, B. P. S. R. (2014). Statistik Politik 2014.

Ishardanti, R. (2011). Identitas Hibrid Tionghoa: Studi Komunitas Cina-Banyumas. Universitas Indonesia.

IT, S. (2005). The Women’s Movement In Indonesia: With Special Reference To The ’Aisyiyah Organization [The Temple University Graduate Board]. In Dissertation. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-012397720-5.50034-7

Kim, D. (1991). The Politics of the Korean Student Movement: Its Tradition, Evolution, and Uniqueness. In Dissertation. Arizona State University.

Kwartanada, D. (2017). Bangsawan prampoewan. Wacana, 18(2), 422–454. https://doi.org/10.17510/wacana.v18i2.591.Didi

Massoumi, N. (2015). ‘The Muslim woman activist’: Solidarity across difference in the movement against the ‘ War on Terror.’ Ethnicities, 15(5), 715–741. https://doi.org/10.1177/1468796814567786

Miles, M. ., & Huberman, A. . (1984). Qualitative Data Analysis: A Sourcebook of New Methods. SAGE Publications Inc.

Mukarom, Z. (2008). Perempuan dan Politik : Studi Komunikasi Politik tentang Keterwakilan Perempuan di Legislatif. MediaTor: Jurnal Komunikasi, 9(2), 257–270. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.patrec.2006.10.012

Murray, R. (2016). The Political Representation of Ethnic Minority Women in France. Parliamentary Affairs, 69(3), 586–602. https://doi.org/10.1093/pa/gsv064

Neuman, L. . (1997). Social Research Method: Qualitative & Quantitative Approach. Allyn Bacon.

Osten, S. (2010). Peace by Institutions: The Rise of Political Parties and The Making of The Modern Mexican State, 1920-1928. In Disertation. The University of Chicago.

Paramita, S. (2014). Komunikasi Politik Dan Demokrasi Etnis Tionghoa Dalam Pemilu 2014. Proceeding Konferensi Nasional Komunikasi Politik, December 2014.

Rudikof, L. B. (1994). Women in the Popular Front Student Peace Movement: Vassar College 1935-1941. Sarah Lawrence College.

Sinaga, R. S., Warella, Y., Yuwanto, Setiyono, B., Sardini, N. H., & Alfirdaus, L. K. (2018). Chinese Ethnic Competition in North Sumatera Electoral District 1: Case Study on the Regional House of Representative of North Sumatera Province Member Election , Indonesia 2014. Scholars Journal of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences, 6(11), 2080–2085. https://doi.org/10.21276/sjahss.2018.6.11.5

Sweinstani, M. K. D., & Mariyah, C. (2017). Political Recruitment of Chinese-Indonesian Women Candidate: Study of PDI perjuangan’s Recruitment in Semarang City Legislative Election 2014. PEOPLE: International Jounal of Social Science, 3(2), 1156–1174. https://doi.org/10.20319/pijss.2017.32.11561174

Thurber, J. A. (1974). Political Party Recruitment and Legislative Role Orientations [Indiana University]. In Dissertation. http://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&btnG=Search&q=intitle:Xerox+University+Microfilms+300#5

Wirawan, Y. (2013). Sejarah Pers Tionghoa Makassar hingga menjelang Perang Dunia ke-2. Proceedings of International Conference on Chinese – Indonesians: Their Lives and Identities, Grand Candi Hotel, Semarang 14 -16 November 2013, 53–73.

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.30829/komunikologi.v6i1.12612