Demographic Characteristics, Knowledge, Attitudes, and Actions of Mothers Related to Nutrition among Stunting Toddlers
Abstract
Stunting is a chronic nutritional problem that affects children’s growth and development. Indonesia still has a high prevalence of stunting, including in urban areas such as Bogor. Maternal characteristics and nutrition-related behaviors are important factors to consider when designing effective interventions. This study aims to describe maternal demographics, nutrition-related knowledge, attitudes, and practices, as well as the incidence of stunting among toddlers in Gunung Batu Village, Bogor City. A quantitative descriptive observational design was applied, involving all mothers of stunted toddlers aged 6-59 months registered at the Gunung Batu Community Health Center in February 2025. A total of 54 respondents were selected using total sampling. Data on maternal knowledge, attitudes, and practices were collected through questionnaires, while stunting data were obtained from health center records. Descriptive analysis was conducted using frequencies and percentages. The average maternal age was 30.7 years. Most mothers had completed senior high school or vocational education (42.59%) and were housewives (72.22%). All toddlers in the study (N = 54) were classified as stunted. Most mothers demonstrated good levels of knowledge and practices related to toddler nutrition (96.3%), and all reported positive attitudes. Despite these favorable maternal characteristics, stunting persisted among all toddlers in this study. These findings suggest that factors beyond maternal nutrition-related behaviors may contribute to stunting and highlight the need for further studies to identify additional determinants and strengthen prevention strategies.
Keywords: Stunting, Knowledge, Attitude, Practice, Mother, Toddler, Demography.
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Akombi, B. J., Agho, K. E., Hall, J. J., Wali, N., Renzaho, A. M. N., & Merom, D. (2017). Stunting, wasting and underweight in Sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 14(8), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14080863
Basnet, S., Frongillo, E. A., Nguyen, P. H., Moore, S., & Arabi, M. (2021). Factor Structure and Equivalence of Maternal Resources for Care in Bangladesh, Vietnam, and Ethiopia. Maternal and Child Health Journal, 25(6), 938–945. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10995-020-03100-4
Bayked, E. M., Yimer, E. M., Gelaw, T., Mohammed, A. S., & Mekonen, N. A. (2024). Dietary knowledge, attitude, practice, and associated factors among pregnant mothers in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Frontiers in Public Health, 12, 1393764.
benjohnson. (2025). Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates (JME) 2025. In UNICEF DATA.
Black, R. E., Victora, C. G., Walker, S. P., Bhutta, Z. A., Christian, P., De Onis, M., Ezzati, M., Grantham-McGregor, S., Katz, J., & Martorell, R. (2013). Maternal and child undernutrition and overweight in low-income and middle-income countries. The Lancet, 382(9890), 427–451.
Din, M. A. C., Teng, N. I. M. F., & Manaf, Z. A. (2023). Maternal depression and child feeding practices: determinants to malnutrition among young children in Malaysian rural area. Women’s Health, 19, 17455057221147800.
Edwards, C. A., Xie, C., & Garcia, A. L. (2015). Dietary fibre and health in children and adolescents. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 74(3), 292–302. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0029665115002335
Escobedo, A., & Mojica, L. (2021). Pulse-based snacks as functional foods: Processing challenges and biological potential. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, 20(5), 4678–4702. https://doi.org/10.1111/1541-4337.12809
Headey, D. D., Ecker, O., Comstock, A. R., & Ruel, M. T. (2021). Understanding the demand for “protective foods” in East Africa: An economic analysis with policy recommendations. Intl Food Policy Res Inst.
Irfan, D., Daharnis, D., & Zadrian, Z. (2024). Tingkat Pengetahuan dan Sikap Ibu dengan Praktek Pemberian Makanan dalam Pencegahan dan Penatalaksanaan Anak Stunting. Jurnal Sehat Mandiri, 19(1), 143–154.
Kemenko, P. M. K. (2025). Prevalensi Stunting tahun 2024 Turun Jadi 19, 8 Persen, Pemerintah Terus Dorong Penguatan Gizi Nasional.
Lestari, S., & Solikah, S. N. (2022). Gambaran Tingkat Pengetahuan Ibu Dalam Pencegahan Stunting Pada Anak Usia Toodler Di Kedungtungkul Mojosongo Surakarta. Intan Husada : Jurnal Ilmiah Keperawatan, 10(02), 177–183. https://doi.org/10.52236/ih.v10i2.254
Marzuki, D. S., & Tahrim, N. (2024). Derajat kesehatan masyarakat. Uwais Inspirasi Indonesia.
Mursyidah, L. (2024). The Role of Posyandu Cadres in Reducing Stunting in the Community. Indonesian Journal of Cultural and Community Development, 15(3), 10–21070.
Novitasari, P. D., & Wanda, D. (2020a). Maternal feeding practice and its relationship with stunting in children. Pediatric Reports, 12(Suppl 1), 8698. https://doi.org/10.4081/pr.2020.8698
Novitasari, P. D., & Wanda, D. (2020b). Maternal feeding practice and its relationship with stunting in children. Pediatric Reports, 12(Suppl 1), 8698.
Nurulliah, N. (2025). Prevalensi Stunting di Jawa Barat Turun. In Pikiran Rakyat Koran.
Rowa, H., & Averus, A. (2025). Kinerja Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Bekasi dalam Penanganan Stunting di Kabupaten Bekasi Provinsi Jawa Barat. Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Statistik Indonesia, 5(1), 97–105.
Ruel, M. T., Garrett, J., Yosef, S., & Olivier, M. (2017). Urbanization, Food Security and Nutrition. In S. De Pee, D. Taren, & M. W. Bloem (Eds.), Nutrition and Health in a Developing World (pp. 705–735). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43739-2_32
Saputra, M. R., Malik, R., Ferilda, S., Wahyuni, S., & Nurwiyeni, N. (2023). Gambaran Tingkat Pengetahuan, Sikap, Dan Tindakan Ibu Tentang Stunting Di Kenagarian Sijunjung. Jurnal Kesehatan Saintika Meditory, 6(1), 315–324.
Sari, S. F., Prayogo, M. S., ADR, A. Z., Akmalina, N. I., Hariyanti, M., Mubarroq, A. S., Annisa, T. N., Latifah, I., & Hasanah, W. (2025). Strategi pencegahan stunting melalui pelatihan pengolahan PMT berbasis bahan lokal dengan metode Participatory Action Research. Menulis: Jurnal Penelitian Nusantara, 1(8), 476–484.
Siagian, R., Sihombing, F. S., Siregar, R., Sibuea, H., Putri, K. N., Lubis, M. N. A., & Oktavia, R. (2024). Gambaran Pengetahuan Ibu Tentang Pencegahan Stunting Pada Anak Balita. Journal Of Nursing Science Research, 1(1), 49–55.
Sihotang, W. Y., Hulu, V. T., Samosir, F. J., Pane, P. Y., Hartono, H., Manalu, P., Siagian, M., & Panjaitan, H. I. L. (2023). Determinants of stunting in children under five: a scoping review. Jurnal Gizi Indonesia (The Indonesian Journal of Nutrition), 12(1), 9–20.
Simanjuntak, B. Y., Haya, M., Suryani, D., Khomsan, A., & Ahmad, C. A. (2019). Maternal knowledge, attitude, and practices about traditional food feeding with stunting and wasting of toddlers in farmer families. Kesmas: Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Nasional (National Public Health Journal), 14(2), 58–64.
Sitompul, Y. R. M. B., Beding, B. M., Angelina, L., Wijaya, C., Rombe, C. V. I., & Patriawati, K. A. (2025). Training on Procedures for Selecting and Processing Healthy Food as One of the Implementations of the Healthy Kitchen Program to Address Stunting. Asian Journal of Community Services, 4(11), 897–904. https://doi.org/10.55927/ajcs.v4i11.423
Tyas, B. D., Lestari, P., & Akbar, M. I. A. (2019). Maternal Perinatal Outcomes Related to Advanced Maternal Age in Preeclampsia Pregnant Women. Journal of Family & Reproductive Health, 13(4), 191. https://doi.org/10.18502/jfrh.v13i4.2646
Umwali, N. (2020). Influence of Maternal Nutrition Knowledge on Infant and Young Child Feeding Practices and Nutrition Status of Children in Musanze District, Rwanda. University of Nairobi.
Utami, G. P., Rahmaniati, M., & Bagus, N. (2024). Kejadian Prevalensi Stunting dengan Indeks Pembangunan Manusia dengan Pendekatan Spasial di Jawa Barat Tahun 2021. Jurnal Manajemen Informasi Kesehatan (Health Information Management), 9(1), 63–72.
Victora, C. G., Christian, P., Vidaletti, L. P., Gatica-Domínguez, G., Menon, P., & Black, R. E. (2021). Revisiting maternal and child undernutrition in low-income and middle-income countries: variable progress towards an unfinished agenda. The Lancet, 397(10282), 1388–1399.
Wahyuni, F. C., Karomah, U., Basrowi, R. W., Sitorus, N. L., & Lestari, L. A. (2023). The Relationship between Nutrition Literacy and Nutrition Knowledge with the Incidence of Stunting: A Scoping Review. Amerta Nutrition, 7.
WHO. (2020). Noncomunicable Diseases.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.30829/contagion.v8i1.26138
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ida Bagus Eka Utama Wija, Wiradi Suryanegara, Louisa Ariantje Langi, Keswari Aji Patriawati
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
